WGU D115
SET-FOR THE ADVANCED PRACTICE
NURSE EXAM
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|
100% CORRECT| GRADED A+
EXAM COVER SHEET
PROGRAM: NR (Nursing Program)
COURSE NUMBER: WGU D115
COURSE NAME: ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM NAME: EXAM
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
,Sex-linked recessive genetic diseases affect males more frequently than females. This
occurs because males have only one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, so if the
affected gene is present on the X chromosome, there is no second X chromosome to
mask or compensate for the abnormal gene expression. As a result, males are more
likely to express the disorder, while females are more often carriers without showing
symptoms.
Correct Answer: Sex-Linked recessive
Chromosomal abnormalities are a major cause of certain serious health outcomes across
populations. In clinical genetics and obstetrics, these abnormalities are most commonly
recognized as a leading known cause of intellectual disability as well as fetal miscarriage.
These outcomes reflect how disruptions in chromosomal structure or number can
significantly impact normal development and viability.
Correct Answer: Intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage
Prenatal diagnostic testing includes several specialized procedures used to detect
genetic or chromosomal abnormalities before birth. These tests provide critical
information about fetal health and development and are typically performed during
specific stages of pregnancy or prior to implantation. Common examples include
chorionic villus sampling (CVS), amniocentesis, and preimplantation genetic testing
(PGT).
Correct Answer: Chorionic villus sampling (CVS), amniocentesis, and preimplantation
genetic testing (PGT)
Cri du chat syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by a deletion of genetic material on a
specific chromosome. It is characterized by a distinctive high-pitched cry in infancy that
,resembles a cat’s cry, along with features such as low birth weight and microcephaly.
This deletion affects normal neurological and physical development, resulting in the
clinical presentation associated with the syndrome.
Correct Answer: Cri du chat syndrome
X-linked recessive diseases may not appear in every generation due to the pattern of
inheritance through carrier females. Since females have two X chromosomes, they may
carry one affected gene while the other normal gene masks its expression. This allows
the mutation to be passed silently through generations until it is expressed in a male or
in a female who inherits two affected copies.
Correct Answer: The disease can be transmitted through female carriers
Relative risk is a statistical measure used in epidemiology to compare disease
occurrence between two groups. It represents the ratio of the disease rate in an exposed
population compared to the disease rate in an unexposed population. This helps
determine the strength of association between a risk factor and a disease outcome.
Correct Answer: Relative risk
Empirical risk estimates for multifactorial diseases are based on observed patterns rather
than single-gene inheritance. These diseases are influenced by multiple factors,
including genetic predisposition and environmental or lifestyle influences. Risk is
determined by evaluating individual and population-level observations to better
understand disease likelihood.
Correct Answer: Many factors from lifestyle to genetics affect multifactorial diseases
, Genomic imprinting refers to a process in which one allele of a gene pair is silenced
while the other remains active. This selective gene expression means that only one copy
of the gene is functionally expressed, depending on whether it is inherited from the
mother or father. The silenced gene is referred to as the imprinted gene.
Correct Answer: The imprinted gene is the silent gene of a gene pair
Older adults often experience impaired inflammatory responses and delayed wound
healing due to underlying chronic health conditions. These conditions can place
continuous stress on the immune system, reducing the body’s ability to mount an
effective response to injury or infection. Over time, this diminished reserve contributes
to slower healing and increased vulnerability to complications.
Correct Answer: The underlying chronic illness exists
Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that play a key role in the immune response
against parasitic infections. They help defend the body by releasing toxic substances
that target and destroy parasites. This makes them especially important in conditions
involving helminthic or parasitic invasion.
Correct Answer: Eosinophils
Macrophages are large phagocytic cells that contribute to the body’s innate immune
defense. They function by engulfing and digesting pathogens, cellular debris, and
foreign particles through a process known as phagocytosis. This activity is essential for
both infection control and tissue repair.
SET-FOR THE ADVANCED PRACTICE
NURSE EXAM
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|
100% CORRECT| GRADED A+
EXAM COVER SHEET
PROGRAM: NR (Nursing Program)
COURSE NUMBER: WGU D115
COURSE NAME: ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM NAME: EXAM
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
,Sex-linked recessive genetic diseases affect males more frequently than females. This
occurs because males have only one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, so if the
affected gene is present on the X chromosome, there is no second X chromosome to
mask or compensate for the abnormal gene expression. As a result, males are more
likely to express the disorder, while females are more often carriers without showing
symptoms.
Correct Answer: Sex-Linked recessive
Chromosomal abnormalities are a major cause of certain serious health outcomes across
populations. In clinical genetics and obstetrics, these abnormalities are most commonly
recognized as a leading known cause of intellectual disability as well as fetal miscarriage.
These outcomes reflect how disruptions in chromosomal structure or number can
significantly impact normal development and viability.
Correct Answer: Intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage
Prenatal diagnostic testing includes several specialized procedures used to detect
genetic or chromosomal abnormalities before birth. These tests provide critical
information about fetal health and development and are typically performed during
specific stages of pregnancy or prior to implantation. Common examples include
chorionic villus sampling (CVS), amniocentesis, and preimplantation genetic testing
(PGT).
Correct Answer: Chorionic villus sampling (CVS), amniocentesis, and preimplantation
genetic testing (PGT)
Cri du chat syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by a deletion of genetic material on a
specific chromosome. It is characterized by a distinctive high-pitched cry in infancy that
,resembles a cat’s cry, along with features such as low birth weight and microcephaly.
This deletion affects normal neurological and physical development, resulting in the
clinical presentation associated with the syndrome.
Correct Answer: Cri du chat syndrome
X-linked recessive diseases may not appear in every generation due to the pattern of
inheritance through carrier females. Since females have two X chromosomes, they may
carry one affected gene while the other normal gene masks its expression. This allows
the mutation to be passed silently through generations until it is expressed in a male or
in a female who inherits two affected copies.
Correct Answer: The disease can be transmitted through female carriers
Relative risk is a statistical measure used in epidemiology to compare disease
occurrence between two groups. It represents the ratio of the disease rate in an exposed
population compared to the disease rate in an unexposed population. This helps
determine the strength of association between a risk factor and a disease outcome.
Correct Answer: Relative risk
Empirical risk estimates for multifactorial diseases are based on observed patterns rather
than single-gene inheritance. These diseases are influenced by multiple factors,
including genetic predisposition and environmental or lifestyle influences. Risk is
determined by evaluating individual and population-level observations to better
understand disease likelihood.
Correct Answer: Many factors from lifestyle to genetics affect multifactorial diseases
, Genomic imprinting refers to a process in which one allele of a gene pair is silenced
while the other remains active. This selective gene expression means that only one copy
of the gene is functionally expressed, depending on whether it is inherited from the
mother or father. The silenced gene is referred to as the imprinted gene.
Correct Answer: The imprinted gene is the silent gene of a gene pair
Older adults often experience impaired inflammatory responses and delayed wound
healing due to underlying chronic health conditions. These conditions can place
continuous stress on the immune system, reducing the body’s ability to mount an
effective response to injury or infection. Over time, this diminished reserve contributes
to slower healing and increased vulnerability to complications.
Correct Answer: The underlying chronic illness exists
Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that play a key role in the immune response
against parasitic infections. They help defend the body by releasing toxic substances
that target and destroy parasites. This makes them especially important in conditions
involving helminthic or parasitic invasion.
Correct Answer: Eosinophils
Macrophages are large phagocytic cells that contribute to the body’s innate immune
defense. They function by engulfing and digesting pathogens, cellular debris, and
foreign particles through a process known as phagocytosis. This activity is essential for
both infection control and tissue repair.
