PHA 630 Foundational Anatomy Exam
2026 Questions and Answers Graded A+
What is the anatomical position? - Correct answer-Standing upright, facing
forward, arms at sides, palms facing anteriorly, feet forward.
What does 'superior' mean? - Correct answer-Toward the head; above.
What does 'inferior' mean? - Correct answer-Away from the head; below.
What does 'anterior' mean? - Correct answer-Toward the front.
What does 'posterior' mean? - Correct answer-Toward the back.
What does 'medial' mean? - Correct answer-Toward the midline.
What does 'lateral' mean? - Correct answer-Away from the midline.
What does 'proximal' mean? - Correct answer-Closer to the trunk/origin.
What does 'distal' mean? - Correct answer-Farther from the trunk/origin.
What does 'ipsilateral' mean? - Correct answer-Same side.
What does 'contralateral' mean? - Correct answer-Opposite side.
©COPYRIGHT 2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,What plane divides the body into right and left portions? - Correct answer-Sagittal
plane.
What plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions? - Correct answer-
Frontal (coronal) plane.
What plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions? - Correct answer-
Transverse (horizontal/axial) plane.
What is the midsagittal plane? - Correct answer-A sagittal plane dividing the body
into equal right and left halves.
What is a parasagittal plane? - Correct answer-A sagittal plane offset from the
midline.
Movement in the sagittal plane occurs around what axis? - Correct answer-
Mediolateral (transverse) axis.
Movement in the frontal plane occurs around what axis? - Correct answer-
Anteroposterior (sagittal) axis.
Movement in the transverse plane occurs around what axis? - Correct answer-
Superoinferior (vertical) axis.
Flexion and extension occur in what plane? - Correct answer-Sagittal plane.
Abduction and adduction occur in what plane? - Correct answer-Frontal plane.
©COPYRIGHT 2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,Rotation occurs in what plane? - Correct answer-Transverse plane.
What is abduction? - Correct answer-Movement away from the midline.
What is adduction? - Correct answer-Movement toward the midline.
What is pronation? - Correct answer-Rotation of forearm so palm faces
posteriorly/inferiorly.
What is supination? - Correct answer-Rotation of forearm so palm faces
anteriorly/superiorly.
What cavity contains the lungs? - Correct answer-Pleural cavities.
What cavity contains the heart? - Correct answer-Pericardial cavity.
What cavity contains abdominal organs? - Correct answer-Abdominal cavity.
What separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities? - Correct answer-Diaphragm.
List the levels of structural organization from smallest to largest. - Correct answer-
Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organismal.
Name the 10 systems reviewed in lecture. - Correct answer-Integumentary,
skeletal, articular, muscular, nervous, circulatory, respiratory, urinary, reproductive,
endocrine.
©COPYRIGHT 2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, What are the two layers of the cutaneous membrane? - Correct answer-Epidermis
and dermis.
Which skin layer is avascular? - Correct answer-Epidermis.
What tissue type predominates in the dermis? - Correct answer-Connective tissue
with collagen and elastic fibers.
What is another name for the hypodermis? - Correct answer-Subcutaneous
layer/superficial fascia.
What does the hypodermis contain? - Correct answer-Loose connective tissue and
adipose tissue.
What is the clinical importance of the hypodermis? - Correct answer-Site of
subcutaneous injections.
What type of tissue is deep fascia made of? - Correct answer-Dense regular
connective tissue.
Name 4 functions of the skin. - Correct answer-Protection, thermoregulation,
sensation, vitamin D synthesis.
How does skin help thermoregulation? - Correct answer-Sweating and
vasodilation/vasoconstriction.
©COPYRIGHT 2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
2026 Questions and Answers Graded A+
What is the anatomical position? - Correct answer-Standing upright, facing
forward, arms at sides, palms facing anteriorly, feet forward.
What does 'superior' mean? - Correct answer-Toward the head; above.
What does 'inferior' mean? - Correct answer-Away from the head; below.
What does 'anterior' mean? - Correct answer-Toward the front.
What does 'posterior' mean? - Correct answer-Toward the back.
What does 'medial' mean? - Correct answer-Toward the midline.
What does 'lateral' mean? - Correct answer-Away from the midline.
What does 'proximal' mean? - Correct answer-Closer to the trunk/origin.
What does 'distal' mean? - Correct answer-Farther from the trunk/origin.
What does 'ipsilateral' mean? - Correct answer-Same side.
What does 'contralateral' mean? - Correct answer-Opposite side.
©COPYRIGHT 2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,What plane divides the body into right and left portions? - Correct answer-Sagittal
plane.
What plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions? - Correct answer-
Frontal (coronal) plane.
What plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions? - Correct answer-
Transverse (horizontal/axial) plane.
What is the midsagittal plane? - Correct answer-A sagittal plane dividing the body
into equal right and left halves.
What is a parasagittal plane? - Correct answer-A sagittal plane offset from the
midline.
Movement in the sagittal plane occurs around what axis? - Correct answer-
Mediolateral (transverse) axis.
Movement in the frontal plane occurs around what axis? - Correct answer-
Anteroposterior (sagittal) axis.
Movement in the transverse plane occurs around what axis? - Correct answer-
Superoinferior (vertical) axis.
Flexion and extension occur in what plane? - Correct answer-Sagittal plane.
Abduction and adduction occur in what plane? - Correct answer-Frontal plane.
©COPYRIGHT 2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,Rotation occurs in what plane? - Correct answer-Transverse plane.
What is abduction? - Correct answer-Movement away from the midline.
What is adduction? - Correct answer-Movement toward the midline.
What is pronation? - Correct answer-Rotation of forearm so palm faces
posteriorly/inferiorly.
What is supination? - Correct answer-Rotation of forearm so palm faces
anteriorly/superiorly.
What cavity contains the lungs? - Correct answer-Pleural cavities.
What cavity contains the heart? - Correct answer-Pericardial cavity.
What cavity contains abdominal organs? - Correct answer-Abdominal cavity.
What separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities? - Correct answer-Diaphragm.
List the levels of structural organization from smallest to largest. - Correct answer-
Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organismal.
Name the 10 systems reviewed in lecture. - Correct answer-Integumentary,
skeletal, articular, muscular, nervous, circulatory, respiratory, urinary, reproductive,
endocrine.
©COPYRIGHT 2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, What are the two layers of the cutaneous membrane? - Correct answer-Epidermis
and dermis.
Which skin layer is avascular? - Correct answer-Epidermis.
What tissue type predominates in the dermis? - Correct answer-Connective tissue
with collagen and elastic fibers.
What is another name for the hypodermis? - Correct answer-Subcutaneous
layer/superficial fascia.
What does the hypodermis contain? - Correct answer-Loose connective tissue and
adipose tissue.
What is the clinical importance of the hypodermis? - Correct answer-Site of
subcutaneous injections.
What type of tissue is deep fascia made of? - Correct answer-Dense regular
connective tissue.
Name 4 functions of the skin. - Correct answer-Protection, thermoregulation,
sensation, vitamin D synthesis.
How does skin help thermoregulation? - Correct answer-Sweating and
vasodilation/vasoconstriction.
©COPYRIGHT 2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
