NUR104 HESI Foundations of Nursing (Exam 1–4)
Review Questions and Answers
Nursing Process & Safety
Pharmacology & IV Therapy
Psychosocial & Health Promotion
Physiological Adaptation & Risk Reduction
Nursing Process & Safety
Hand hygiene: Best method for preventing infection → Handwashing with soap and
water.
Vital signs: BP 90/60, HR 120 → Hypotension with tachycardia.
Patient positioning: Dyspnea relief → Semi-Fowler’s position.
Delegation: UAP can obtain vitals, RN interprets.
Fall prevention: Bed in lowest position, call light within reach.
Nursing process: Planning involves setting measurable goals.
Infection control: PPE for airborne isolation → N95 respirator.
Safety checks: Verify patient ID with two identifiers.
Restraints: Assess circulation every 15 minutes.
Documentation: Charting must be objective and factual.
Pharmacology & IV Therapy
Medication rights: Right patient, drug, dose, route, time.
IV infiltration: Swelling, coolness → Stop infusion immediately.
Dosage calculation: Order 500 mg, supply 250 mg tabs → 2 tablets.
Insulin injection: Rotate sites to prevent lipodystrophy.
Antibiotic safety: Check allergies before administration.
IV therapy: Flush line with normal saline.
, Pain management: Assess pain before and after medication.
Drug interactions: Grapefruit juice interacts with statins.
Blood transfusion: Monitor for fever, chills, back pain.
Medication errors: Report immediately, assess patient first.
Psychosocial & Physiological Adaptation
Therapeutic communication: Use open-ended questions.
Cultural care: Respect dietary restrictions.
Patient education: Teach diabetic patient foot care.
Stress management: Encourage relaxation techniques.
Health promotion: Vaccination = primary prevention.
Pressure ulcer staging: Stage II = partial-thickness skin loss.
Electrolyte imbalance: Hypokalemia → muscle weakness, arrhythmias.
Cardiac emergencies: CPR compressions at 100–120/min.
Respiratory care: Incentive spirometry prevents atelectasis.
Wound care: Use sterile technique for dressing changes.
Pharmacology & IV Therapy
Medication reconciliation: Ensures accuracy of patient’s med list → Prevents duplication
or omission.
IV site care: Change peripheral IV site every 72–96 hours.
Pain medication: Assess pain level before giving opioids.
Anticoagulant safety: Monitor PT/INR for warfarin.
Diuretic therapy: Monitor potassium levels with furosemide.
IV piggyback: Secondary infusion hangs higher than primary.
Medication teaching: Instruct patient to complete full antibiotic course.
Adverse drug reaction: Rash after penicillin → Stop drug, notify provider.
Review Questions and Answers
Nursing Process & Safety
Pharmacology & IV Therapy
Psychosocial & Health Promotion
Physiological Adaptation & Risk Reduction
Nursing Process & Safety
Hand hygiene: Best method for preventing infection → Handwashing with soap and
water.
Vital signs: BP 90/60, HR 120 → Hypotension with tachycardia.
Patient positioning: Dyspnea relief → Semi-Fowler’s position.
Delegation: UAP can obtain vitals, RN interprets.
Fall prevention: Bed in lowest position, call light within reach.
Nursing process: Planning involves setting measurable goals.
Infection control: PPE for airborne isolation → N95 respirator.
Safety checks: Verify patient ID with two identifiers.
Restraints: Assess circulation every 15 minutes.
Documentation: Charting must be objective and factual.
Pharmacology & IV Therapy
Medication rights: Right patient, drug, dose, route, time.
IV infiltration: Swelling, coolness → Stop infusion immediately.
Dosage calculation: Order 500 mg, supply 250 mg tabs → 2 tablets.
Insulin injection: Rotate sites to prevent lipodystrophy.
Antibiotic safety: Check allergies before administration.
IV therapy: Flush line with normal saline.
, Pain management: Assess pain before and after medication.
Drug interactions: Grapefruit juice interacts with statins.
Blood transfusion: Monitor for fever, chills, back pain.
Medication errors: Report immediately, assess patient first.
Psychosocial & Physiological Adaptation
Therapeutic communication: Use open-ended questions.
Cultural care: Respect dietary restrictions.
Patient education: Teach diabetic patient foot care.
Stress management: Encourage relaxation techniques.
Health promotion: Vaccination = primary prevention.
Pressure ulcer staging: Stage II = partial-thickness skin loss.
Electrolyte imbalance: Hypokalemia → muscle weakness, arrhythmias.
Cardiac emergencies: CPR compressions at 100–120/min.
Respiratory care: Incentive spirometry prevents atelectasis.
Wound care: Use sterile technique for dressing changes.
Pharmacology & IV Therapy
Medication reconciliation: Ensures accuracy of patient’s med list → Prevents duplication
or omission.
IV site care: Change peripheral IV site every 72–96 hours.
Pain medication: Assess pain level before giving opioids.
Anticoagulant safety: Monitor PT/INR for warfarin.
Diuretic therapy: Monitor potassium levels with furosemide.
IV piggyback: Secondary infusion hangs higher than primary.
Medication teaching: Instruct patient to complete full antibiotic course.
Adverse drug reaction: Rash after penicillin → Stop drug, notify provider.
