Summary NUR 3032 - Patho Cumulative Final Study
Guide.
1. A nurse is teaching a group of student nurses about parenteral nutrition (PN). Which statement
by a student indicates that further teaching is required?
A. Parenteral nutrition must be prepared under sterile conditions to prevent infection.
B. Parenteral nutrition provides complete nutrition for patients who cannot use their gastrointestinal tract.
C. Parenteral nutrition requires a central venous catheter for administration.
D. Parenteral nutrition is an emergency procedure.
Answer: D
Rationale: Parenteral nutrition is not an emergency procedure; it is a planned therapy for patients who
cannot use their GI tract. The other statements are accurate, so the student who says it is an emergency
needs further education.
2. A nurse is providing teaching to a client with heart failure about limiting sodium intake to 1,000
mg per day. The nurse should inform the client that which of the following dairy products has the
highest sodium content?
A. 2 oz processed cheese
B. 1 cup low-fat milk
C. 1/2 cup cottage cheese
D. 1/2 cup vanilla ice cream
Answer: A
Rationale: Processed cheese is high in sodium due to added salts and preservatives, often containing over
400 mg per 2 oz. Cottage cheese, milk, and ice cream have lower sodium content per serving.
3. A nurse is caring for a client with throat cancer who is undergoing radiation therapy. The client
reports nausea, stomatitis, and weight loss. Which dietary intervention should the nurse
recommend?
A. Consume hot beverages to soothe the throat.
B. Limit fluid intake to prevent vomiting.
C. Select foods high in protein.
D. Increase intake of spicy foods to stimulate appetite.
Answer: C
Rationale: Cold, bland foods are soothing for stomatitis and help maintain nutritional intake.
High-protein foods are beneficial but may be difficult to tolerate with oral mucositis. Spicy foods and
large meals can exacerbate symptoms.
Page 1
,4. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to the mother of a newborn about breastfeeding. Which
of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A. I should supplement breastfeeding with formula to ensure my baby gets enough calories.
B. I should limit breastfeeding to 10 minutes per side to prevent nipple soreness.
C. I should feed my baby on demand at least eight times each day.
D. I should feed my baby every 4 hours to ensure proper digestion.
Answer: C
Rationale: The correct statement is that the mother should feed on demand at least eight times per day,
which supports adequate milk supply and infant growth. The other options contain common
misconceptions: waking a sleeping baby is not necessary unless advised, limiting feeding time can
reduce milk intake, and water supplementation is not recommended for exclusively breastfed infants.
5. The nurse is teaching the parents of a child with recurrent headaches about modifying behaviors
that increase headache risk. Which statement by the parents indicates they understand the
teaching?
A. We will allow the child to stay home from school whenever a headache occurs.
B. We will give extra attention when the child complains of a headache.
C. We will respond matter-of-factly to requests for special attention.
D. We will avoid discussing headaches to prevent the child from focusing on them.
Answer: C
Rationale: Responding matter-of-factly avoids reinforcing headache behavior, which can reduce the
frequency of headaches by not providing secondary gain. The other options inadvertently reward or
overemphasize the headache, potentially increasing its occurrence.
6. During a nutritional assessment of an adult female client, which finding would indicate to the
nurse an increased risk for developing cancer?
A. Drinks one glass of red wine with dinner each evening.
B. Consumes a high-fiber diet rich in fruits and vegetables.
C. Limits red meat intake to 3 oz per day.
D. Reports daily intake of 400 mcg of folic acid from supplements.
Answer: C
Rationale: Obesity (BMI "e30) is a well-established risk factor for several types of cancer, including
breast, colorectal, and endometrial cancers. In contrast, limiting red meat, high-fiber diets, and
moderate alcohol consumption are generally associated with reduced cancer risk.
7. The parent of an infant with colic tells the nurse, "All this baby does is scream at me; it is a
constant worry." What is the nurse's best action?
A. Advise the parent to take a break and let another caregiver handle the infant.
B. Encourage the parent to verbalize feelings.
C. Teach the parent techniques to soothe the infant, such as swaddling or rocking.
D. Reassure the parent that colic is self-limiting and will resolve soon.
Answer: B
Page 2
, Rationale: The correct answer is to encourage the parent to verbalize feelings because the parent's statement indicates
emotional distress and a need for support. Active listening and validation of feelings help build trust and allow the parent to
express concerns, which is the initial step in providing emotional support.
8. The nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a newborn diagnosed with gastroesophageal
reflux. Which instruction should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?
A. Place the newborn in a side-lying position if vomiting.
B. Place the newborn supine with the head elevated after feedings.
C. Offer small, frequent feedings and keep the newborn upright for 30 minutes after feeding.
D. Burp the newborn only after completing the entire feeding.
Answer: A
Rationale: Keeping the newborn upright after feeding uses gravity to reduce reflux. Side-lying is not
recommended for sleep due to SIDS risk. Thickening feedings and burping are helpful but not the
priority instruction.
9. A nurse on a medical-surgical unit is caring for a client who adheres to the dietary laws of
Orthodox Judaism. Which menu selection should the nurse recommend for this client?
A. Beef stew with vegetables
B. Grilled salmon with a cream sauce
C. Cheese and ham omelet
D. Grilled vegetables
Answer: D
Rationale: Orthodox Judaism requires kosher dietary laws, which prohibit mixing meat and dairy, and
forbid pork and shellfish. Grilled vegetables are pareve (neutral) and thus acceptable, while the other
options violate kosher rules.
10. A nurse is planning care for a client who practices Islam and is currently observing dietary
restrictions for the month of Ramadan. Which of the following interventions should the nurse
include in the plan of care?
A. Encourage the client to eat small, frequent meals throughout the day
B. Provide a high-calorie snack at bedtime to prevent hypoglycemia
C. Advise the client to avoid fasting due to potential health risks
D. Facilitate fasting during daylight hours
Answer: D
Rationale: During Ramadan, Muslims fast from dawn to sunset, so facilitating fasting during daylight
hours respects their religious practice. The nurse should support the client's dietary restrictions unless
medically contraindicated.
11. A nurse is caring for a client with moderate partial-thickness burns covering 30% of the total
body surface area. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A. Provide a vitamin C supplement
B. Apply topical corticosteroids to the burned areas
Page 3
Guide.
1. A nurse is teaching a group of student nurses about parenteral nutrition (PN). Which statement
by a student indicates that further teaching is required?
A. Parenteral nutrition must be prepared under sterile conditions to prevent infection.
B. Parenteral nutrition provides complete nutrition for patients who cannot use their gastrointestinal tract.
C. Parenteral nutrition requires a central venous catheter for administration.
D. Parenteral nutrition is an emergency procedure.
Answer: D
Rationale: Parenteral nutrition is not an emergency procedure; it is a planned therapy for patients who
cannot use their GI tract. The other statements are accurate, so the student who says it is an emergency
needs further education.
2. A nurse is providing teaching to a client with heart failure about limiting sodium intake to 1,000
mg per day. The nurse should inform the client that which of the following dairy products has the
highest sodium content?
A. 2 oz processed cheese
B. 1 cup low-fat milk
C. 1/2 cup cottage cheese
D. 1/2 cup vanilla ice cream
Answer: A
Rationale: Processed cheese is high in sodium due to added salts and preservatives, often containing over
400 mg per 2 oz. Cottage cheese, milk, and ice cream have lower sodium content per serving.
3. A nurse is caring for a client with throat cancer who is undergoing radiation therapy. The client
reports nausea, stomatitis, and weight loss. Which dietary intervention should the nurse
recommend?
A. Consume hot beverages to soothe the throat.
B. Limit fluid intake to prevent vomiting.
C. Select foods high in protein.
D. Increase intake of spicy foods to stimulate appetite.
Answer: C
Rationale: Cold, bland foods are soothing for stomatitis and help maintain nutritional intake.
High-protein foods are beneficial but may be difficult to tolerate with oral mucositis. Spicy foods and
large meals can exacerbate symptoms.
Page 1
,4. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to the mother of a newborn about breastfeeding. Which
of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A. I should supplement breastfeeding with formula to ensure my baby gets enough calories.
B. I should limit breastfeeding to 10 minutes per side to prevent nipple soreness.
C. I should feed my baby on demand at least eight times each day.
D. I should feed my baby every 4 hours to ensure proper digestion.
Answer: C
Rationale: The correct statement is that the mother should feed on demand at least eight times per day,
which supports adequate milk supply and infant growth. The other options contain common
misconceptions: waking a sleeping baby is not necessary unless advised, limiting feeding time can
reduce milk intake, and water supplementation is not recommended for exclusively breastfed infants.
5. The nurse is teaching the parents of a child with recurrent headaches about modifying behaviors
that increase headache risk. Which statement by the parents indicates they understand the
teaching?
A. We will allow the child to stay home from school whenever a headache occurs.
B. We will give extra attention when the child complains of a headache.
C. We will respond matter-of-factly to requests for special attention.
D. We will avoid discussing headaches to prevent the child from focusing on them.
Answer: C
Rationale: Responding matter-of-factly avoids reinforcing headache behavior, which can reduce the
frequency of headaches by not providing secondary gain. The other options inadvertently reward or
overemphasize the headache, potentially increasing its occurrence.
6. During a nutritional assessment of an adult female client, which finding would indicate to the
nurse an increased risk for developing cancer?
A. Drinks one glass of red wine with dinner each evening.
B. Consumes a high-fiber diet rich in fruits and vegetables.
C. Limits red meat intake to 3 oz per day.
D. Reports daily intake of 400 mcg of folic acid from supplements.
Answer: C
Rationale: Obesity (BMI "e30) is a well-established risk factor for several types of cancer, including
breast, colorectal, and endometrial cancers. In contrast, limiting red meat, high-fiber diets, and
moderate alcohol consumption are generally associated with reduced cancer risk.
7. The parent of an infant with colic tells the nurse, "All this baby does is scream at me; it is a
constant worry." What is the nurse's best action?
A. Advise the parent to take a break and let another caregiver handle the infant.
B. Encourage the parent to verbalize feelings.
C. Teach the parent techniques to soothe the infant, such as swaddling or rocking.
D. Reassure the parent that colic is self-limiting and will resolve soon.
Answer: B
Page 2
, Rationale: The correct answer is to encourage the parent to verbalize feelings because the parent's statement indicates
emotional distress and a need for support. Active listening and validation of feelings help build trust and allow the parent to
express concerns, which is the initial step in providing emotional support.
8. The nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a newborn diagnosed with gastroesophageal
reflux. Which instruction should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?
A. Place the newborn in a side-lying position if vomiting.
B. Place the newborn supine with the head elevated after feedings.
C. Offer small, frequent feedings and keep the newborn upright for 30 minutes after feeding.
D. Burp the newborn only after completing the entire feeding.
Answer: A
Rationale: Keeping the newborn upright after feeding uses gravity to reduce reflux. Side-lying is not
recommended for sleep due to SIDS risk. Thickening feedings and burping are helpful but not the
priority instruction.
9. A nurse on a medical-surgical unit is caring for a client who adheres to the dietary laws of
Orthodox Judaism. Which menu selection should the nurse recommend for this client?
A. Beef stew with vegetables
B. Grilled salmon with a cream sauce
C. Cheese and ham omelet
D. Grilled vegetables
Answer: D
Rationale: Orthodox Judaism requires kosher dietary laws, which prohibit mixing meat and dairy, and
forbid pork and shellfish. Grilled vegetables are pareve (neutral) and thus acceptable, while the other
options violate kosher rules.
10. A nurse is planning care for a client who practices Islam and is currently observing dietary
restrictions for the month of Ramadan. Which of the following interventions should the nurse
include in the plan of care?
A. Encourage the client to eat small, frequent meals throughout the day
B. Provide a high-calorie snack at bedtime to prevent hypoglycemia
C. Advise the client to avoid fasting due to potential health risks
D. Facilitate fasting during daylight hours
Answer: D
Rationale: During Ramadan, Muslims fast from dawn to sunset, so facilitating fasting during daylight
hours respects their religious practice. The nurse should support the client's dietary restrictions unless
medically contraindicated.
11. A nurse is caring for a client with moderate partial-thickness burns covering 30% of the total
body surface area. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A. Provide a vitamin C supplement
B. Apply topical corticosteroids to the burned areas
Page 3
