HMX IMMUNOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM REVIEW SHEET FULL SOLUTIONS

HMX IMMUNOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE
IMMUNE SYSTEM REVIEW SHEET FULL
SOLUTIONS

●● _________________________ is the transfer of blood cells/blood
products from one individual to another
Answer: Transfusion


●● _________________ transplant is the most common transplantation
Answer: kidney


●● _____________________ transfusion is the most common
transfusion
Answer: red blood cell


●● Individuals who are not identical twins differ in many genes that they
do not inherit. This means individuals will have different proteins based
on these different genes. These differences are called
______________________
Answer: polymorphisms


●● In transplantation, if one person is a donor and another is a recipient,
then there might be a difference in proteins between each person. So,

,when an organ is transplanted, the recipient's immune system can detect
the transplanted cells as non-self and lead an attack against them. This
attack involves ________________ and ____ cells and is called an
___________________ ________________ _______________
Answer: antibodies
T cells


allogeneic immune response


●● The recipient's T cells and antibodies that enter the implanted organ
after transplantation cause inflammation in the organ as if the organ is a
foreign invader, like a microbe. This leads to injury/death of the
implanted organ. This is called _________________ _______________
Answer: transplant rejection


●● The most polymorphic genes in our entire genome are the
_____________________ ___________________ _________________
genes.
Answer: major histocompatibility complex (aka HLA genes)


●● MHC class II has the variants: __________, __________, and
_________ proteins
Answer: DP
DQ

,DR


●● MHC class I has the variants: ____________, ______________ and
_________
Answer: A
B
C


●● If we take all the different alleles in the human population that
encode normal functioning versions of the MHC class I and II variants,
there are over ______________ alleles
Answer: 5,000


●● HLA-B has over _______________ alleles
Answer: 2,500


●● _______ is the major immunological barrier to transplantation
Answer: MHC


●● ______________ have carbohydrates on their surface, but they differ
from one person to another
Answer: RBCs

, ●● The antigens on red blood cells include: _______, _________,
_________ or _________
Answer: A
B
AB
O


●● If someone is type A, this means they have the A antigen and they
have antibodies that recognize the antigens that they do not express. So,
type A has natural ______ antibodies that recognize the ______ antigen.
Type B has antibodies that recognize the ______ antigen. Type O has
antibodies that recognize the ________ and _______ antigen. Type AB
has _________ antibodies
Answer: IgM


B


A


A
B


neither