HMX IMMUNOLOGY ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS COMPLETE
IMMUNOLOGY STUDY GUIDE
●● Circulating leukocytes involved in innate response (2 types)
Answer: Monocytes and neutrophils
●● Phagocytic immune cells (2 types)
Answer: Macrophages and neutrophils
●● Difference between macrophages and neutrophils?
Answer: Neutrophils are short lived and will undergo apoptosis after
eating a microbe; macrophages are longer-lived and will eat apoptotic
cells and waste
●● General cytokine role in innate immune response (and what cells
release them?)
Answer: Released by dendritic cells, macrophages, and mast cells. Pro-
inflammatory molecules that interact with blood vessel endothelium to
recruit circulating leukocytes, fluid, and proteins into tissue
●● Which tissue-resident sentinel cell will release histamine upon
activation?
,Answer: Mast cell
●● Cytokines promote up-regulation of what kind of molecule within
blood vessel walls?
Answer: Adhesion molecules
●● E-Selectin
Answer: An adhesion molecule that helps to slow down circulating
leukocytes in innate immune response (low-affinity interaction)
●● E-Selectin Ligand
Answer: A ligand expressed by circulating leukocytes that helps them
stick to blood vessel endothelium in innate immune response
●● ICAM-1
Answer: An adhesion molecule that helps circulating leukocytes bind to
blood vessel endothelium in innate immune response (high-affinity
interaction)
●● Integrins (and the name of a specific one)
Answer: A class of adhesion molecules expressed on circulating
leukocytes; LFA-1 binds to ICAM-1 in a high affinity interaction during
the innate inflammatory response
, ●● Stable Arrest
Answer: When a circulating leukocyte comes to a stop within the
endothelium thanks to adhesion molecule interactions and can enter the
tissue
●● Pus
Answer: Comprised of fluid and apoptotic cells/waste as a result of an
inflammatory response (DNA, dead bacteria, apoptotic neutrophils)
●● Psoriasis overview
Answer: Autoimmune disease that can cause skin plaques and arthritis;
Skin plaques are caused by immune cells migrating into the skin and
initiating an inflammatory response
●● Psoriasis risk factors
Answer: History of strep infections, skin injury, first degree relative with
psoriasis
●● TNF-alpha in psoriasis
Answer: A pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed in psoriasis that
recruits immune cells into the skin and also acts directly on epithelial
cells to produce thickened/raised patches
●● Psoriasis treatment (biologics)
AND CORRECT ANSWERS COMPLETE
IMMUNOLOGY STUDY GUIDE
●● Circulating leukocytes involved in innate response (2 types)
Answer: Monocytes and neutrophils
●● Phagocytic immune cells (2 types)
Answer: Macrophages and neutrophils
●● Difference between macrophages and neutrophils?
Answer: Neutrophils are short lived and will undergo apoptosis after
eating a microbe; macrophages are longer-lived and will eat apoptotic
cells and waste
●● General cytokine role in innate immune response (and what cells
release them?)
Answer: Released by dendritic cells, macrophages, and mast cells. Pro-
inflammatory molecules that interact with blood vessel endothelium to
recruit circulating leukocytes, fluid, and proteins into tissue
●● Which tissue-resident sentinel cell will release histamine upon
activation?
,Answer: Mast cell
●● Cytokines promote up-regulation of what kind of molecule within
blood vessel walls?
Answer: Adhesion molecules
●● E-Selectin
Answer: An adhesion molecule that helps to slow down circulating
leukocytes in innate immune response (low-affinity interaction)
●● E-Selectin Ligand
Answer: A ligand expressed by circulating leukocytes that helps them
stick to blood vessel endothelium in innate immune response
●● ICAM-1
Answer: An adhesion molecule that helps circulating leukocytes bind to
blood vessel endothelium in innate immune response (high-affinity
interaction)
●● Integrins (and the name of a specific one)
Answer: A class of adhesion molecules expressed on circulating
leukocytes; LFA-1 binds to ICAM-1 in a high affinity interaction during
the innate inflammatory response
, ●● Stable Arrest
Answer: When a circulating leukocyte comes to a stop within the
endothelium thanks to adhesion molecule interactions and can enter the
tissue
●● Pus
Answer: Comprised of fluid and apoptotic cells/waste as a result of an
inflammatory response (DNA, dead bacteria, apoptotic neutrophils)
●● Psoriasis overview
Answer: Autoimmune disease that can cause skin plaques and arthritis;
Skin plaques are caused by immune cells migrating into the skin and
initiating an inflammatory response
●● Psoriasis risk factors
Answer: History of strep infections, skin injury, first degree relative with
psoriasis
●● TNF-alpha in psoriasis
Answer: A pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed in psoriasis that
recruits immune cells into the skin and also acts directly on epithelial
cells to produce thickened/raised patches
●● Psoriasis treatment (biologics)
