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NURS 5334 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
EXAM 3 PREP 2026 ALL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ALREADY
A GRADD WITH EXPERT FEEDBACK |NEW
AND REVISED
When a patient is on insulin therapy what are the blood glucose goals
before meals? At bedtime? - ANSWER- Beforemeals—70-130
o Bedtime—100-140
What is the A1C goal? When is goal below 7 not appropriate? -
ANSWER- 7%or below o Those with severe hypoglycemia risk, limited
life expectancy ,advanced microvascular or
macrovascular complications—not below 7
What are the short acting insulins? Intermediate? Long acting? -
ANSWER- Shortduration:Rapidacting
Insulin lispro [Humalog]
Insulin aspart [NovoLog]
Insulin glulisine [Apidra] o Shortduration:Sloweracting
Regular insulin [Humulin R, Novolin R] o Intermediateduration
Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin
Insulin detemir [Levemir] o Longduration
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Insulin glargine
When are short duration insulins used? - ANSWER- Administered in
association with meals to control the post-prandial rise in blood glucose
between meals and at night
When are intermediate insulins needed? - ANSWER- Administer 2-3
times daily to provide glycemic control between meals and during the
night
How long is duration of glargine? Levemir? Degludec? - ANSWER-
Glargine—up to 24 hours o Levemir
Low dose (0.2 units/kg)—12 hours
High doses (0.4 units/kg)—20-24 hours
o Degludec—up to 42 hours
What are routes of administration? Which can be inhaled? - ANSWER-
SQ injection IV infusion. Inhalation—Afrezza, meal time insulin
Typical insulin dosing for type 1? Type 2? - ANSWER- Total doses may
range from 0.1 unit/kg body weight to more than 2.5 units/kg Type1
Initial doses typically range from 0.5-0.6 units/kg per day Type2
Initial doses range from 0.2-0.6 units/kg per day
Dosage increased or decreased according to carb intake, activity
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What are the 3 dosing schedules? - ANSWER- o Twice daily dosing o
Intensive basal/bolus strategy o Continued subcutaneous insulin
How does metformin work? - ANSWER- o Inhibits glucose production
in the livero Reduces glucose absorption in the guto Sensitizes insulin
receptors in target tissues (fat and skeletal muscle) thus increase
glucose uptake and response to whatever insulin is available
Metformin What are side effects? BB warning? - ANSWER- o GI
effects—diarrhea
o Lactic acidosis
How does alcohol effect? - ANSWER- Inhibits the breakdown of lactic
acid
What are the therapeutic uses other than DM? - ANSWER- o
Gestational diabetes
o PCOS
Sulfonylureas - ANSWER- o First generation
Chlorpropamide [Diabinese]
Tolazamide [Tolinase]
Tolbutamine [Orinase]
o Second Generation:
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Glyburide [Diabeta, Glynase, Micronase] with metformin [Glucovance]
Glypizide (Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL); with metformin [metaglip])
Glimepiride (Amaryl; with metformin [Amaryl M], with pioglitazone
[Duetact]
with rosiglitazone [Avandaryl]
MOA?
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Main side effect? - ANSWER- Promote insulin release
~~~~~~~~
Hypoglycemia
Weight gain
How does cimetidine effect? Beta blocker? - ANSWER- Cimetidine—
intensifies the response
Beta blockers—diminish the benefits by suppressing the insulin release
Meglitinides (Repaglinide and Nateglinide) - ANSWER- o MOA—
stimulate pancreatic insulin release
o Drug/Drug interaction—gemfibrozil
Thiazolidinediones (glitazones) - ANSWER- Reduce glucose levels
primarily by decreasing insulin resistance
o Only indication is type 2 diabetes, mainly as an add-on to metformin
NURS 5334 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
EXAM 3 PREP 2026 ALL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ALREADY
A GRADD WITH EXPERT FEEDBACK |NEW
AND REVISED
When a patient is on insulin therapy what are the blood glucose goals
before meals? At bedtime? - ANSWER- Beforemeals—70-130
o Bedtime—100-140
What is the A1C goal? When is goal below 7 not appropriate? -
ANSWER- 7%or below o Those with severe hypoglycemia risk, limited
life expectancy ,advanced microvascular or
macrovascular complications—not below 7
What are the short acting insulins? Intermediate? Long acting? -
ANSWER- Shortduration:Rapidacting
Insulin lispro [Humalog]
Insulin aspart [NovoLog]
Insulin glulisine [Apidra] o Shortduration:Sloweracting
Regular insulin [Humulin R, Novolin R] o Intermediateduration
Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin
Insulin detemir [Levemir] o Longduration
,2|Page
Insulin glargine
When are short duration insulins used? - ANSWER- Administered in
association with meals to control the post-prandial rise in blood glucose
between meals and at night
When are intermediate insulins needed? - ANSWER- Administer 2-3
times daily to provide glycemic control between meals and during the
night
How long is duration of glargine? Levemir? Degludec? - ANSWER-
Glargine—up to 24 hours o Levemir
Low dose (0.2 units/kg)—12 hours
High doses (0.4 units/kg)—20-24 hours
o Degludec—up to 42 hours
What are routes of administration? Which can be inhaled? - ANSWER-
SQ injection IV infusion. Inhalation—Afrezza, meal time insulin
Typical insulin dosing for type 1? Type 2? - ANSWER- Total doses may
range from 0.1 unit/kg body weight to more than 2.5 units/kg Type1
Initial doses typically range from 0.5-0.6 units/kg per day Type2
Initial doses range from 0.2-0.6 units/kg per day
Dosage increased or decreased according to carb intake, activity
,3|Page
What are the 3 dosing schedules? - ANSWER- o Twice daily dosing o
Intensive basal/bolus strategy o Continued subcutaneous insulin
How does metformin work? - ANSWER- o Inhibits glucose production
in the livero Reduces glucose absorption in the guto Sensitizes insulin
receptors in target tissues (fat and skeletal muscle) thus increase
glucose uptake and response to whatever insulin is available
Metformin What are side effects? BB warning? - ANSWER- o GI
effects—diarrhea
o Lactic acidosis
How does alcohol effect? - ANSWER- Inhibits the breakdown of lactic
acid
What are the therapeutic uses other than DM? - ANSWER- o
Gestational diabetes
o PCOS
Sulfonylureas - ANSWER- o First generation
Chlorpropamide [Diabinese]
Tolazamide [Tolinase]
Tolbutamine [Orinase]
o Second Generation:
, 4|Page
Glyburide [Diabeta, Glynase, Micronase] with metformin [Glucovance]
Glypizide (Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL); with metformin [metaglip])
Glimepiride (Amaryl; with metformin [Amaryl M], with pioglitazone
[Duetact]
with rosiglitazone [Avandaryl]
MOA?
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Main side effect? - ANSWER- Promote insulin release
~~~~~~~~
Hypoglycemia
Weight gain
How does cimetidine effect? Beta blocker? - ANSWER- Cimetidine—
intensifies the response
Beta blockers—diminish the benefits by suppressing the insulin release
Meglitinides (Repaglinide and Nateglinide) - ANSWER- o MOA—
stimulate pancreatic insulin release
o Drug/Drug interaction—gemfibrozil
Thiazolidinediones (glitazones) - ANSWER- Reduce glucose levels
primarily by decreasing insulin resistance
o Only indication is type 2 diabetes, mainly as an add-on to metformin
