ATI CBC LEVEL 3 COMPREHENSIVE
CLINICAL BASED COMPETENCY REVIEW
SHEET FULL SOLUTIONS
●● what causes a lower pH in the body
Answer: the greater the concentration of hydrogen, the more acidic the
body fluids
●● what causes a higher pH in the body
Answer: the lower the concentration of hydrogen, the more alkaline the
body fluids
●● hyperventilation and hydrogen ions
Answer: causes a decrease in hydrogen ions
●● hypoventilation and hydrogen ions
Answer: causes an increase in hydrogen ions
●● normal pH for the blood
Answer: 7.35-7.45
●● what causes respiratory acidosis
,Answer: hypoventilation
●● what causes hypoventilation
Answer: - respiratory depression from opioids, poisons
- brain tumors, stroke, trauma
- muscle weakness, flail chest, obesity, sleep apnea
- airway obstruction
- pneumothorax
●● manifestations of respiratory acidosis
Answer: - tachycardia (severe is bradycardia), tachypnea, hypertension
- anxiety, irritability, confusion, coma
- ineffective, shallow, rapid breathing
- pale or cyanotic
●● nursing care for a patient with respiratory acidosis
Answer: - oxygen therapy
- maintain patent airway
- positioning and breathing techniques
●● what causes respiratory alkalosis
Answer: hyperventilation
,●● what causes hyperventilation
Answer: - fear, anxiety, intracerebral trauma, excessive mechanical
ventilation
- hypoxemia from asphyxiation, high altitudes, shock, pneumonia
●● lab values for respiratory alkalosis
Answer: PaCO2: less than 35
pH: greater than 7.45
HCO3: less than 24
●● lab values for respiratory acidosis
Answer: PaCO2: greater than 45
pH: less than 7.35
HCO3: greater than 28
●● manifestations of respiratory alkalosis
Answer: - tachypnea
- inability to concentrate, numbness, tingling
- tachycardia, dysrhythmias
- rapid deep respirations
, ●● nursing care for respiratory alkalosis
Answer: - oxygen therapy
- anxiety reduction interventions
- rebreathing techniques
●● what causes metabolic acidosis
Answer: - diabetic ketoacidosis
- starvation
- heavy exercise, seizure activity, hypoxia
- liver failure
- diarrhea
●● lab values for metabolic acidosis
Answer: pH: less than 7.35
HCO3: less than 24
PaCO2: greater than 35
●● manifestations of metabolic acidosis
Answer: - dysrhythmias
- bradycardia, weak pulses, hypotension, tachypnea
- headache, drowsiness, confusion
- rapid deep respirations (kussmaul)
CLINICAL BASED COMPETENCY REVIEW
SHEET FULL SOLUTIONS
●● what causes a lower pH in the body
Answer: the greater the concentration of hydrogen, the more acidic the
body fluids
●● what causes a higher pH in the body
Answer: the lower the concentration of hydrogen, the more alkaline the
body fluids
●● hyperventilation and hydrogen ions
Answer: causes a decrease in hydrogen ions
●● hypoventilation and hydrogen ions
Answer: causes an increase in hydrogen ions
●● normal pH for the blood
Answer: 7.35-7.45
●● what causes respiratory acidosis
,Answer: hypoventilation
●● what causes hypoventilation
Answer: - respiratory depression from opioids, poisons
- brain tumors, stroke, trauma
- muscle weakness, flail chest, obesity, sleep apnea
- airway obstruction
- pneumothorax
●● manifestations of respiratory acidosis
Answer: - tachycardia (severe is bradycardia), tachypnea, hypertension
- anxiety, irritability, confusion, coma
- ineffective, shallow, rapid breathing
- pale or cyanotic
●● nursing care for a patient with respiratory acidosis
Answer: - oxygen therapy
- maintain patent airway
- positioning and breathing techniques
●● what causes respiratory alkalosis
Answer: hyperventilation
,●● what causes hyperventilation
Answer: - fear, anxiety, intracerebral trauma, excessive mechanical
ventilation
- hypoxemia from asphyxiation, high altitudes, shock, pneumonia
●● lab values for respiratory alkalosis
Answer: PaCO2: less than 35
pH: greater than 7.45
HCO3: less than 24
●● lab values for respiratory acidosis
Answer: PaCO2: greater than 45
pH: less than 7.35
HCO3: greater than 28
●● manifestations of respiratory alkalosis
Answer: - tachypnea
- inability to concentrate, numbness, tingling
- tachycardia, dysrhythmias
- rapid deep respirations
, ●● nursing care for respiratory alkalosis
Answer: - oxygen therapy
- anxiety reduction interventions
- rebreathing techniques
●● what causes metabolic acidosis
Answer: - diabetic ketoacidosis
- starvation
- heavy exercise, seizure activity, hypoxia
- liver failure
- diarrhea
●● lab values for metabolic acidosis
Answer: pH: less than 7.35
HCO3: less than 24
PaCO2: greater than 35
●● manifestations of metabolic acidosis
Answer: - dysrhythmias
- bradycardia, weak pulses, hypotension, tachypnea
- headache, drowsiness, confusion
- rapid deep respirations (kussmaul)
