BIO 305 CORE MAIN EXAMINATION ALL QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔segmentation - ✔✔movement back and forth (mixing) of bolis in the GI tract
✔✔neural - ✔✔_____ control of GI regulation:
-autonomic NS stimulation
-enteric NS
✔✔endocrine - ✔✔_____ control of GI regulation:
-hormones: gastrin, CCK, & secretin
-3 phases: cephalic, gastric, intestinal
✔✔cephalic - ✔✔this phase of GI regulation occurs when food is perceived before it
enters the mouth (Pavlov)
✔✔gastrin - ✔✔secreted by stomach and foregut in the presence of food
✔✔CCK (cholecystokinin) - ✔✔-secreted by the SI/midgut
-pancreas action: secretes digestive enzymes
-liver action: secretes bile salts
-smooth musc. action: gall bladder stimulated to contract (sphincter of oddi relaxes)
, ✔✔secretin - ✔✔-secreted by the SI/midgut
-stimulated pancreas + liver to release HCO₃⁻ into GI
-neutralizes acid delivered from stomach
-opposite of process in stomach to reverse alkaline tide:
HCO₃⁻ → stomach
H+ → blood
✔✔enteric - ✔✔_____ NS:
-cell bodies wholly contained in the gut
-regulates motility and secretions
-regulated by autonomic NS and sends signals to CNS
-stimulated by distension, changes in osmolarity, and chemical signals
✔✔distension - ✔✔stretching of the stomach, SI, etc.
✔✔midgut - ✔✔digestion in the ______:
-most digestion takes place here (small intestine)
-signals inhibit foregut signals
-intestines, pancreas, liver, & gall bladder
-hormones: secretin & CCK
✔✔foregut - ✔✔digestion in the ______:
-cephalic & gastric stimulation (anticipatory)
-low stomach pH activates peptidases
-smooth musc. contractions increase motility
-meal still mostly undigested when it leaves the foregut
✔✔amylase - ✔✔-enzyme that breaks down small carbs
-in saliva and helps swallowing
-produced during cephalic & gastric stimulation
✔✔anticipatory - ✔✔cephalic & gastric stimulation in the foregut is ____:
-saliva production
-stomach pH drops
-stomach secretes peptidases
-motility increases
✔✔H+ - ✔✔parasymp. NS, enteric NS and gastrin stimulate __ secretions
✔✔alkaline tide - ✔✔when bicarbonate exported into blood as H+ is secreted into the
stomach
✔✔zymogens - ✔✔inactive peptidases activated by low stomach pH
✔✔pancreas - ✔✔endocrine and exocrine organ
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔segmentation - ✔✔movement back and forth (mixing) of bolis in the GI tract
✔✔neural - ✔✔_____ control of GI regulation:
-autonomic NS stimulation
-enteric NS
✔✔endocrine - ✔✔_____ control of GI regulation:
-hormones: gastrin, CCK, & secretin
-3 phases: cephalic, gastric, intestinal
✔✔cephalic - ✔✔this phase of GI regulation occurs when food is perceived before it
enters the mouth (Pavlov)
✔✔gastrin - ✔✔secreted by stomach and foregut in the presence of food
✔✔CCK (cholecystokinin) - ✔✔-secreted by the SI/midgut
-pancreas action: secretes digestive enzymes
-liver action: secretes bile salts
-smooth musc. action: gall bladder stimulated to contract (sphincter of oddi relaxes)
, ✔✔secretin - ✔✔-secreted by the SI/midgut
-stimulated pancreas + liver to release HCO₃⁻ into GI
-neutralizes acid delivered from stomach
-opposite of process in stomach to reverse alkaline tide:
HCO₃⁻ → stomach
H+ → blood
✔✔enteric - ✔✔_____ NS:
-cell bodies wholly contained in the gut
-regulates motility and secretions
-regulated by autonomic NS and sends signals to CNS
-stimulated by distension, changes in osmolarity, and chemical signals
✔✔distension - ✔✔stretching of the stomach, SI, etc.
✔✔midgut - ✔✔digestion in the ______:
-most digestion takes place here (small intestine)
-signals inhibit foregut signals
-intestines, pancreas, liver, & gall bladder
-hormones: secretin & CCK
✔✔foregut - ✔✔digestion in the ______:
-cephalic & gastric stimulation (anticipatory)
-low stomach pH activates peptidases
-smooth musc. contractions increase motility
-meal still mostly undigested when it leaves the foregut
✔✔amylase - ✔✔-enzyme that breaks down small carbs
-in saliva and helps swallowing
-produced during cephalic & gastric stimulation
✔✔anticipatory - ✔✔cephalic & gastric stimulation in the foregut is ____:
-saliva production
-stomach pH drops
-stomach secretes peptidases
-motility increases
✔✔H+ - ✔✔parasymp. NS, enteric NS and gastrin stimulate __ secretions
✔✔alkaline tide - ✔✔when bicarbonate exported into blood as H+ is secreted into the
stomach
✔✔zymogens - ✔✔inactive peptidases activated by low stomach pH
✔✔pancreas - ✔✔endocrine and exocrine organ
