BIO 305 LATEST EXAMS TEST PAPER QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔filtration - ✔✔overall balance of fluid exchange tends to favor
___(filtration/absorption)___ slightly
✔✔6 - ✔✔humans have about __L of blood (½ plasma, ½ water), and 4L of water are
filtered out every day
✔✔veins - ✔✔-capacitance vessels (accommodate large volumes)
-contain most blood at rest
-low P → slow return
-valves
-autonomic stimulation and muscle contractions speed up return
-mostly beta receptors
✔✔valves - ✔✔prevent reverse motion of blood in veins
✔✔blood - ✔✔-composed of countless compounds
-major role: O₂ delivery and nutrient/waste transport
✔✔RBCs (erythrocytes) - ✔✔specialized blood cells for carrying O₂ & CO₂
, ✔✔oxygen - ✔✔_____ dissolves in blood
✔✔hemoglobins - ✔✔-carries O₂ in RBCs
-dissolved O₂ binds to transporters in RBCs or tissues
-bound O₂ does not affect gradient
-binds O₂ in a non-linear way
-O₂ affinity affected by pH and CO₂ conc.
✔✔myglobin - ✔✔carries O₂ in muscle cells
✔✔Bohr Effect - ✔✔within the tissues, as the Hb becomes bound with CO₂, it loses its
affinity for O₂ and releases it into the cell for metabolism
✔✔right shift - ✔✔-O₂ transport to tissues increases
-Bohr effect
✔✔left shift - ✔✔-O₂ goes into lungs only
-Bohr effect
✔✔temperature - ✔✔when ____ increases, it causes a right shift
✔✔blood - ✔✔when _____ enters tissues:
pH ↓ CO₂ ↑ heat ↑
(causes right shift, increased O₂ delivery)
✔✔tissues - ✔✔O₂ grabs hemoglobin in the lungs and is released in the ____
✔✔lungs - ✔✔-1st position in O₂ transport, separates fluids from environment
-structure: branching network, dead-ended, alveoli
✔✔pulmonary - ✔✔_____ structure:
-create more surface area for contact w/ environment
-responsible for CO₂ excretion, acid-base regulation, communication, and immune
function
✔✔convection - ✔✔-bulk flow of gases in/out of lungs
-establishes gradient for diffusion
-inhaled air mixes with air already in lungs
✔✔alveoli - ✔✔final airways at the end of lung used for gas exchange (very thin walls)
✔✔ventilation - ✔✔-due to changes in lungs
-lungs do not empty after each breath
-gas exchange in alveoli
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔filtration - ✔✔overall balance of fluid exchange tends to favor
___(filtration/absorption)___ slightly
✔✔6 - ✔✔humans have about __L of blood (½ plasma, ½ water), and 4L of water are
filtered out every day
✔✔veins - ✔✔-capacitance vessels (accommodate large volumes)
-contain most blood at rest
-low P → slow return
-valves
-autonomic stimulation and muscle contractions speed up return
-mostly beta receptors
✔✔valves - ✔✔prevent reverse motion of blood in veins
✔✔blood - ✔✔-composed of countless compounds
-major role: O₂ delivery and nutrient/waste transport
✔✔RBCs (erythrocytes) - ✔✔specialized blood cells for carrying O₂ & CO₂
, ✔✔oxygen - ✔✔_____ dissolves in blood
✔✔hemoglobins - ✔✔-carries O₂ in RBCs
-dissolved O₂ binds to transporters in RBCs or tissues
-bound O₂ does not affect gradient
-binds O₂ in a non-linear way
-O₂ affinity affected by pH and CO₂ conc.
✔✔myglobin - ✔✔carries O₂ in muscle cells
✔✔Bohr Effect - ✔✔within the tissues, as the Hb becomes bound with CO₂, it loses its
affinity for O₂ and releases it into the cell for metabolism
✔✔right shift - ✔✔-O₂ transport to tissues increases
-Bohr effect
✔✔left shift - ✔✔-O₂ goes into lungs only
-Bohr effect
✔✔temperature - ✔✔when ____ increases, it causes a right shift
✔✔blood - ✔✔when _____ enters tissues:
pH ↓ CO₂ ↑ heat ↑
(causes right shift, increased O₂ delivery)
✔✔tissues - ✔✔O₂ grabs hemoglobin in the lungs and is released in the ____
✔✔lungs - ✔✔-1st position in O₂ transport, separates fluids from environment
-structure: branching network, dead-ended, alveoli
✔✔pulmonary - ✔✔_____ structure:
-create more surface area for contact w/ environment
-responsible for CO₂ excretion, acid-base regulation, communication, and immune
function
✔✔convection - ✔✔-bulk flow of gases in/out of lungs
-establishes gradient for diffusion
-inhaled air mixes with air already in lungs
✔✔alveoli - ✔✔final airways at the end of lung used for gas exchange (very thin walls)
✔✔ventilation - ✔✔-due to changes in lungs
-lungs do not empty after each breath
-gas exchange in alveoli
