BIO 305 UPDATED FINAL EXAMS ALL QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔passing of each parent - ✔✔The sperm is specialized to give 23 chromosomes
the egg contains cytoplasm and inside is the mitochandria
✔✔capillary sequencing - ✔✔a method of DNA sequencing in which DNA migrates
through a thin capillary tube in order to separate DNA fragments of different lengths
-tag different parts of DNA then run it through a computer to interpret it
✔✔pre-implantation testing - ✔✔-carried out of on pre-embryos (after in vitro
fertilization) to decrease risk of a particular genetic condition in the fetus
-offered to couples with a high risk of having a child with a serious disorder
-an alternative to prenatal diagnosis
✔✔Preimplantation genetic testing - ✔✔after fertilization
-strategy to get genetic info then you know what embryo is good for implantation and
which one is not.
-screen for genetic disorder.
-can only be done in IVF's not on naturally conceived embryos
, ✔✔pre-implantation screening and diagnosis - ✔✔Screening: determines if the correct
number of chromosomes are present
Diagnosis: looks for specific conditions, uses polymerase chain reactions
✔✔Babies with 3 parents - ✔✔human offspring produced from the genetic material of
one man and two women through the use of assisted reproductive technologies,
specifically mitochondrial manipulation (or replacement) technologies and three-person
in vitro fertilization (IVF).
✔✔Three parent babies methods - ✔✔Maternal spindle transfer / pronuclear transfer
✔✔CRISPR/Cas9 - ✔✔a unique technology that enables geneticists and medical
researchers to edit parts of the genome by removing, adding or altering sections of the
DNA sequence
✔✔Karyotype - ✔✔A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and
shape.
-chromosome chart
-cells in metaphase are swollen, squished and stained
✔✔mRNA - ✔✔messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the
nucleus to the ribosome
Codon= 3 mRNA bases
✔✔Codon - ✔✔A specific sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or RNA
that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid
✔✔rRNA (ribosomal RNA) - ✔✔an organelle that contains most of the RNA in the cell
and that is responsible for ribosome function
✔✔tRNA - ✔✔An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid
and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the
appropriate codons in the mRNA
✔✔gel electrophoresis - ✔✔Procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by
placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and applying an
electrical voltage to the gel
-separates DNA fragments
-Distance is related to length
✔✔identifying alleles - ✔✔restriction enzymes
-cut DNA at specific points
-4-7 bases long
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔passing of each parent - ✔✔The sperm is specialized to give 23 chromosomes
the egg contains cytoplasm and inside is the mitochandria
✔✔capillary sequencing - ✔✔a method of DNA sequencing in which DNA migrates
through a thin capillary tube in order to separate DNA fragments of different lengths
-tag different parts of DNA then run it through a computer to interpret it
✔✔pre-implantation testing - ✔✔-carried out of on pre-embryos (after in vitro
fertilization) to decrease risk of a particular genetic condition in the fetus
-offered to couples with a high risk of having a child with a serious disorder
-an alternative to prenatal diagnosis
✔✔Preimplantation genetic testing - ✔✔after fertilization
-strategy to get genetic info then you know what embryo is good for implantation and
which one is not.
-screen for genetic disorder.
-can only be done in IVF's not on naturally conceived embryos
, ✔✔pre-implantation screening and diagnosis - ✔✔Screening: determines if the correct
number of chromosomes are present
Diagnosis: looks for specific conditions, uses polymerase chain reactions
✔✔Babies with 3 parents - ✔✔human offspring produced from the genetic material of
one man and two women through the use of assisted reproductive technologies,
specifically mitochondrial manipulation (or replacement) technologies and three-person
in vitro fertilization (IVF).
✔✔Three parent babies methods - ✔✔Maternal spindle transfer / pronuclear transfer
✔✔CRISPR/Cas9 - ✔✔a unique technology that enables geneticists and medical
researchers to edit parts of the genome by removing, adding or altering sections of the
DNA sequence
✔✔Karyotype - ✔✔A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and
shape.
-chromosome chart
-cells in metaphase are swollen, squished and stained
✔✔mRNA - ✔✔messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the
nucleus to the ribosome
Codon= 3 mRNA bases
✔✔Codon - ✔✔A specific sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or RNA
that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid
✔✔rRNA (ribosomal RNA) - ✔✔an organelle that contains most of the RNA in the cell
and that is responsible for ribosome function
✔✔tRNA - ✔✔An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid
and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the
appropriate codons in the mRNA
✔✔gel electrophoresis - ✔✔Procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by
placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and applying an
electrical voltage to the gel
-separates DNA fragments
-Distance is related to length
✔✔identifying alleles - ✔✔restriction enzymes
-cut DNA at specific points
-4-7 bases long
