psy 357 quizes for exam 2 Updated Rated A+ | NEW
2026
A researcher decides to conduct an experiment similar to Neisser's (1964) visual search study,
presen ng "Z"'s in arrays containing two types of distracter objects. In one array, there are
le(ers such as "O"s and "G"s. In the other array, there are le(ers such as "E"s and "X"s. Which
of the following pa(erns of results would suggest that le(er percep on is bo(om-up and
feature-based?
a. Faster detec on of Zs in arrays of E's and X's
b. Slower detec on of Z's in arrays of E's and X's
c. Slower detec on of Z's in arrays of O's and G's
d. Equally fast detec on in either array type
b
Along with experience, readers become more:
a. efficient in extrac ng informa on from text with fewer eye movements
b. careful in fixa ng every word
c. careless by needing to regress more o6en to previous words
d. rapid in their reading, but extract less informa on from the text
a
Although the perceptual spans of both English speakers and Hebrew speakers are asymmetrical,
they are not asymmetrical in the same direc on. For English speakers, perceptual span is larger
to the right side of the current fixa on point, and for Hebrew speakers, it is larger to the le6
side. Why is that?
a. speakers of English tend to drive and walk on the right; speakers of Hebrew tend to drive and
walk on the le6
b. speakers of Hebrew focus more on the past than speakers of English
c. due to differences in the direc on in which each language is wri(en and read, a(en on
moves further to the right while reading English, and further to the le6 while reading Hebrew
d. English is read from right to le6, and Hebrew is read from le6 to right
c
, Dr. Werdnurd has designed an experiment in the following way: In both condi ons, the subjects'
objec ve is to iden fy a le(er briefly presented at a specific loca on on a computer screen. In
the "word string" condi on, the le(er, for example "r", is presented as part of a meaningful
word, like "work". In the "isolated" condi on, the "r" is presented in isola on at the same
posi on on the screen. If he measured accuracy in percent, which of the following pa(erns of
results would likely be obtained?
a. Word string: 80%; Isola on: 90%
b. Word string: 80%; Isola on: 60%
c. Word string: 50%; Isola on: 50%
d. Word string: 100%; Isola on: 100%
b
Keith wants to know how much informa on is perceptually available to people reading English.
To test this so-called "perceptual span", he uses a technique in which people's eyes are tracked
as they read passages of text. Which of the following must he do to test the size of perceptual
span?
a. manipulate the size of the font presented to par cipants
b. manipulate the color of the font present to par cipants
c. only make a small amount of le(er informa on available outside a window that moves along
with par cipants' fixa ons; inside of that window of fixa on, le(ers are replaced with X's
d. only make a small amount of le(er informa on available within a window that moves along
with par cipants' fixa ons; outside of that window of fixa on, le(ers are replaced with X's
d
The Word Superiority effect shows that par cipants are be(er at recognizing le(ers when they
are presented in the context of a word than when they are presented in isola on or as part of a
nonsense word. Thus, it presents an excellent example of a(n) ________ effect in reading.
top down effect
When Maria pronounces irregular words such as "laughter" correctly, it's because she is able to
a. store that pronuncia on in memory, and access it via the lexical route
b. store that pronuncia on in memory, and access it via the sublexical route
c. use phonemic rules to sound it out via the lexical route
d. use phonemic rules to sound it out via the sublexical route
a
2026
A researcher decides to conduct an experiment similar to Neisser's (1964) visual search study,
presen ng "Z"'s in arrays containing two types of distracter objects. In one array, there are
le(ers such as "O"s and "G"s. In the other array, there are le(ers such as "E"s and "X"s. Which
of the following pa(erns of results would suggest that le(er percep on is bo(om-up and
feature-based?
a. Faster detec on of Zs in arrays of E's and X's
b. Slower detec on of Z's in arrays of E's and X's
c. Slower detec on of Z's in arrays of O's and G's
d. Equally fast detec on in either array type
b
Along with experience, readers become more:
a. efficient in extrac ng informa on from text with fewer eye movements
b. careful in fixa ng every word
c. careless by needing to regress more o6en to previous words
d. rapid in their reading, but extract less informa on from the text
a
Although the perceptual spans of both English speakers and Hebrew speakers are asymmetrical,
they are not asymmetrical in the same direc on. For English speakers, perceptual span is larger
to the right side of the current fixa on point, and for Hebrew speakers, it is larger to the le6
side. Why is that?
a. speakers of English tend to drive and walk on the right; speakers of Hebrew tend to drive and
walk on the le6
b. speakers of Hebrew focus more on the past than speakers of English
c. due to differences in the direc on in which each language is wri(en and read, a(en on
moves further to the right while reading English, and further to the le6 while reading Hebrew
d. English is read from right to le6, and Hebrew is read from le6 to right
c
, Dr. Werdnurd has designed an experiment in the following way: In both condi ons, the subjects'
objec ve is to iden fy a le(er briefly presented at a specific loca on on a computer screen. In
the "word string" condi on, the le(er, for example "r", is presented as part of a meaningful
word, like "work". In the "isolated" condi on, the "r" is presented in isola on at the same
posi on on the screen. If he measured accuracy in percent, which of the following pa(erns of
results would likely be obtained?
a. Word string: 80%; Isola on: 90%
b. Word string: 80%; Isola on: 60%
c. Word string: 50%; Isola on: 50%
d. Word string: 100%; Isola on: 100%
b
Keith wants to know how much informa on is perceptually available to people reading English.
To test this so-called "perceptual span", he uses a technique in which people's eyes are tracked
as they read passages of text. Which of the following must he do to test the size of perceptual
span?
a. manipulate the size of the font presented to par cipants
b. manipulate the color of the font present to par cipants
c. only make a small amount of le(er informa on available outside a window that moves along
with par cipants' fixa ons; inside of that window of fixa on, le(ers are replaced with X's
d. only make a small amount of le(er informa on available within a window that moves along
with par cipants' fixa ons; outside of that window of fixa on, le(ers are replaced with X's
d
The Word Superiority effect shows that par cipants are be(er at recognizing le(ers when they
are presented in the context of a word than when they are presented in isola on or as part of a
nonsense word. Thus, it presents an excellent example of a(n) ________ effect in reading.
top down effect
When Maria pronounces irregular words such as "laughter" correctly, it's because she is able to
a. store that pronuncia on in memory, and access it via the lexical route
b. store that pronuncia on in memory, and access it via the sublexical route
c. use phonemic rules to sound it out via the lexical route
d. use phonemic rules to sound it out via the sublexical route
a
