Exam 2 study guide psy 357 gvsu| New edi on
A researcher decided to conduct an experiment similar to Neisser's (1964) visual search study,
presen ng "Z"'s in arrays containing two types of distracter objects. In one array, there are
le(ers such as "o"'s and "g"'s. In the other array, there are le(ers such as "E"'s and "X"'s. which
of the following pa(erns of results would suggest that le(er percep on is bo(om-up and
feature-based?
Slower detec on of Z's in arrays of E's and X's
Along with experience, readers become more:
Efficient in extrac ng informa on from text with fewer eye movements
Although the perceptual spans of both English speakers and Hebrew speakers are asymmetrical,
they are not asymmetrical in the same direc on. For English speakers, perceptual span is larger
to the right side of the current fixa on point, and for Hebrew speakers, it is larger to the le4
side. Why is that?
Due to differences in the direc on in which each language is wri(en and read, a(en on moves
further to the right while reading english, and further to the le4 while reading Hebrew.
Dr. Werdnurd has designed an experiment in the following way: In both condi ons, the subjects'
objec ve is to iden fy a le(er briefly presented at a specific loca on on a computer screen. In
the "word string" condi on, the le(er, for example "r", is presented as part of a meaningful
word, like "work". In the "isolated" condi on, the "r" is presented in isola on at the same
posi on on the screen. If he measured accuracy in percent, which of the following pa(erns of
results would likely be obtained?
Word string: 80%; isola on: 60%
Keith wants to know how much informa on is perceptually available to people reading English.
To test this so-called "perceptual span", he uses a technique in which people's eyes are tracked
as they read passages of text. Which of the following must he do to test the size of perceptual
span?
only make a small amount of le(er informa on available within a window that moves along
with par cipants' fixa ons; outside of that window of fixa on, le(ers are replaced with X's
The word Superiority effect shows that par cipants are be(er at recognizing le(ers when they
are presented in the context of a word than when they are presented in isola on or as part of a
nonsense word. Thus, it presents an excellent example of a(n) _____ effect in reading.
, Top-down effect
When Maria pronounces irregular words such as "laughter" correctly, it is because she is able to
Store that pronuncia on in memory, and access it via the lexical route
Which of the following types of wri ng systems uses only one symbol per word or morpheme?
Logography
Which of the following words has a "regular" spelling-to-sound correspondence?
seen
while reading a novel, Andre makes occasional eye movements to earlier words parts of a text
that he has already read. These kinds of eye movements are called:
Regressions
In what way are interac onist models of sentence comprehension different than modular
models?
Interac onist models propose that non-syntac c informa on such as the meanings of words
can override parsing decisions that syntax alone would make
One of the target sentences presented in Ferreira & cli4on (1986) was this one: "The editor
played the tape agreed it was a big story." Before reading that sentence, par cipants had either
read a sentence which introduced one editor to the story or two editors into the story. What did
they do?
To test whether paragraph context can influence ini al parsing decisions
Tanenhaus and coworkers' eye movement study presented par cipants with different pictures
for interpre ng the sentence, "put the apple on the towel in the box." their results showed the
importance of ____ in how we understand sentences in real me.
real world context
The tle of Ferreira & Cli4on's (1986) paper that was reviewed in the lecture slides was "The
independence of syntac c processing." Based on that tle, and the content of that lecture,
which of the following statements do you think is most representa ve of the paper's
conclusions?
parsing is a modular process
Unlike Ferreira and Cli4on, Trueswell and colleagues (1994) found evidence against the
modularity of syntac c processing by demonstra ng that it takes people ________ to read "by
A researcher decided to conduct an experiment similar to Neisser's (1964) visual search study,
presen ng "Z"'s in arrays containing two types of distracter objects. In one array, there are
le(ers such as "o"'s and "g"'s. In the other array, there are le(ers such as "E"'s and "X"'s. which
of the following pa(erns of results would suggest that le(er percep on is bo(om-up and
feature-based?
Slower detec on of Z's in arrays of E's and X's
Along with experience, readers become more:
Efficient in extrac ng informa on from text with fewer eye movements
Although the perceptual spans of both English speakers and Hebrew speakers are asymmetrical,
they are not asymmetrical in the same direc on. For English speakers, perceptual span is larger
to the right side of the current fixa on point, and for Hebrew speakers, it is larger to the le4
side. Why is that?
Due to differences in the direc on in which each language is wri(en and read, a(en on moves
further to the right while reading english, and further to the le4 while reading Hebrew.
Dr. Werdnurd has designed an experiment in the following way: In both condi ons, the subjects'
objec ve is to iden fy a le(er briefly presented at a specific loca on on a computer screen. In
the "word string" condi on, the le(er, for example "r", is presented as part of a meaningful
word, like "work". In the "isolated" condi on, the "r" is presented in isola on at the same
posi on on the screen. If he measured accuracy in percent, which of the following pa(erns of
results would likely be obtained?
Word string: 80%; isola on: 60%
Keith wants to know how much informa on is perceptually available to people reading English.
To test this so-called "perceptual span", he uses a technique in which people's eyes are tracked
as they read passages of text. Which of the following must he do to test the size of perceptual
span?
only make a small amount of le(er informa on available within a window that moves along
with par cipants' fixa ons; outside of that window of fixa on, le(ers are replaced with X's
The word Superiority effect shows that par cipants are be(er at recognizing le(ers when they
are presented in the context of a word than when they are presented in isola on or as part of a
nonsense word. Thus, it presents an excellent example of a(n) _____ effect in reading.
, Top-down effect
When Maria pronounces irregular words such as "laughter" correctly, it is because she is able to
Store that pronuncia on in memory, and access it via the lexical route
Which of the following types of wri ng systems uses only one symbol per word or morpheme?
Logography
Which of the following words has a "regular" spelling-to-sound correspondence?
seen
while reading a novel, Andre makes occasional eye movements to earlier words parts of a text
that he has already read. These kinds of eye movements are called:
Regressions
In what way are interac onist models of sentence comprehension different than modular
models?
Interac onist models propose that non-syntac c informa on such as the meanings of words
can override parsing decisions that syntax alone would make
One of the target sentences presented in Ferreira & cli4on (1986) was this one: "The editor
played the tape agreed it was a big story." Before reading that sentence, par cipants had either
read a sentence which introduced one editor to the story or two editors into the story. What did
they do?
To test whether paragraph context can influence ini al parsing decisions
Tanenhaus and coworkers' eye movement study presented par cipants with different pictures
for interpre ng the sentence, "put the apple on the towel in the box." their results showed the
importance of ____ in how we understand sentences in real me.
real world context
The tle of Ferreira & Cli4on's (1986) paper that was reviewed in the lecture slides was "The
independence of syntac c processing." Based on that tle, and the content of that lecture,
which of the following statements do you think is most representa ve of the paper's
conclusions?
parsing is a modular process
Unlike Ferreira and Cli4on, Trueswell and colleagues (1994) found evidence against the
modularity of syntac c processing by demonstra ng that it takes people ________ to read "by
