CSCS TEST - CHAPTER 2 EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

CSCS TEST - CHAPTER 2 EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 Biomechanics - Answers Mechanisms through which the musculoskeletal components interact to create movement Origin - Answers Proximal attachment of muscle to bone Insertion - Answers Distal attachment of muscle to bone Fleshy attachments - Answers Muscle fibers are directly affixed to bone, most often found at the proximal end of the muscle Fibrous attachements - Answers Such as tendons blend into and are continuous with both the muscle sheaths and the connective tissue surrounding the bone Agonist - Answers Prime Mover The muscle most directly involved in bringing about a movement Antagonist - Answers The muscle that can slow down or stop the movement Synergist - Answers A muscle that assists indirectly in a movement First class lever - Answers Muscle force is on the opposite side of the fulcrum as the resistance Example: Triceps in a triceps extension exercise Muscle force is going through the triceps muscles from the insertion. Fulcrum is at the elbow and the resistance force is at the hand Fulcrum - Answers pivot point of the lever Second Class Lever - Answers The resisted force and the muscle force are on the same side of the fulcrum, with the muscle force acting through a moment arm longer than the moment arm of the resistive force Example: Calf raise The fulcrum is the ball of the foot The muscle force runs from the heel upwards and the resistance is in the middle of the fulcrum and the muscle force Third Class lever - Answers The muscle force and resistive force act on the same side of the fulcrum, with the muscle force acting through a moment arm shorter than the moment arm of the resistive force Example: biceps curl The fulcrum is at the elbow, the muscle force is going upwards and the resistance force is at the hand Which lever arm is described as Muscle force, fulcrum, resistance? - Answers First Class lever Which lever arm is described as Fulcrum, Resisted force, muscle force? - Answers Second Class lever Which lever arm is described as Fulcrum, Muscle Force, Resistive force? - Answers Third Class lever Moment arm - Answers the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the fulcrum Torque - Answers a force that causes rotation about a specific fulcrum Muscle muscles work at a ___ ___ - Answers Mechanical Disadvantage How do you determine Mechanical Advantage? - Answers The length of the muscle arm divided by the length of the resistance arm Doing what to the moment arm of resistance provides a greater mechanical advantage? - Answers Shortening the moment arm of resistance provides a greater mechanical advantage Frontal Plane of motion - Answers - Divides the body in front to back - Any exercise that can be performed as if you are laying on the ground Examples: jumping jacks, over head press, lateral lunge, pull up, side shuffle - moving with the plane of motion Sagittal Plane of motion - Answers - Divides the body into right and left sides - Any exercise that can be performed if you are in a narrow hallway Examples: biceps curl, walking lunges, seated wrist curl - Axis of rotation runs medial to lateral Transverse Plane of motion - Answers - Divides the body in upper and lower - Any exercise that is done in a rotational movement Examples: swinging a baseball bat, tennis backhand, chest fly Definition of work - Answers the product of the force exerted on an object and the distance the object moves in the direct in which the force is exerted Definition of power - Answers the time rate of doing work Open Chain exercises - Answers an exercise in which the terminal segment is moving freely (not fixed to the ground) Examples: leg extension machine Closed chain exercises - Answers exercises in which the distal aspect of the extremity is fixed to an object that is stationary Examples: pull ups, squats Isotonic - Answers constant tension as the muscle changes length Example: biceps curl machine Isokenetic - Answers An exercise performed at a constant speed Example: Biodex machine Equation for Force - Answers mass x acceleration What is the average acceleration due to gravity - Answers 9.8m/s^2 What is the force required to lift a 100kg barbell? - Answers F = M x A F = 100kg x 9.8 m/s^2 F = 980 Newtons What is the force required to lift a 100 kg barbell 1m/s^2? - Answers F = M x A Acceleration = 1m/s^s + 9.8m/s^2 = 10.8m/s^2 F = 100kg x 10.8m/s^2 F = 1080 Newtons Equation of work - Answers Work = Force x Displacement Equation for power - Answers work/time How much power would it take for an athlete to lift a 100kg barbell 1 meter in 1 second? In 3 seconds? - Answers Power = Work / Time Work = Force x Displacement 1 sec: Power = [(100kg x 9.8m/s^2) x 1 meter] / 1 sec Power = (980J x 1 meter) / 1 sec Power = 980J/1 sec = 980 W 3 sec: Power = [(100kg x 9.8m/s^2) x 1 meter] / 3 sec Power = (980J x 1 meter) / 3 sec Power = 980 J / 3 sec = 327 W Angle of Pennation - Answers The difference between the angle of the muscle fibers and the line between muscle origin and insertion During a concentric isokenetic exercise, concentric force production ______ as joint angular velocity _____. - Answers During a concentric isokenetic exercise, concentric force production DECREASES as joint angular velocity INCREASES.