EEB 2244 UPDATED EXAMS SCRIPT ALL QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔"Island" isolation affects colonization rates - ✔✔Islands nearer to source habitat
should have higher colonization rates
More species capable of dispersing that far
By chance more individuals will disperse successfully
Nearer islands = higher Ŝ
✔✔Combined effects of isolation and size on Ŝ - ✔✔Extinction and colonization
continue at equilibrium (it is dynamic)
Species turnover results changing species composition over time
Model predicts # of species at equilibrium
− Most: large, near
− Least: small, far
✔✔Florida Keys experiment - ✔✔Observed: islands closer to mainland had higher
insect richness
Methods: Built tents and fumigated selected islands to kill all insects
Results: - More insects re-colonized nearer islands - Final richness similar to initial
richness (dashed lines)
✔✔Pangea - ✔✔single landmass 250 million years ago
, ✔✔Gondwana - ✔✔now South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, and India
✔✔Laurasia - ✔✔now North America, Europe, and Asia
✔✔Continental drift - ✔✔allowed individual continents independently to evolve groups
of organisms for long periods
✔✔major continental plates - ✔✔Movement of these plates has two important ecological
consequences:
continental drift creates and breaks barriers to dispersal
positions of continents and ocean basins influence climate
✔✔Vicariance - ✔✔splitting of a widely distributed ancestral population by continental
drift
Separation of lineages can also happen via dispersal (after a geographic event).
Both likely played a role in unique species found in isolated places like Madagascar
✔✔Primary productivity - ✔✔rate at which energy is captured and converted into
chemical bonds by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
Most energy enters biosphere via photosynthesis
Exception: chemosynthesis near deep ocean vents
✔✔Gross primary production (GPP) - ✔✔total energy acquired via photo- or
chemosynthesis
✔✔Respiration (R) - ✔✔uses oxygen to release chemical energy to drive cellular
processes
✔✔Net primary productivity (NPP) - ✔✔energy converted to producer biomass
(what is left after respiration)
✔✔Assimilated energy - ✔✔energy that a consumer digests and absorbs
(consumed - egested (pooped) energy)
(gross secondary production (GSP))
✔✔Net secondary production (NSP) - ✔✔energy converted to consumer biomass
(assimilated energy left after respiration)
✔✔NPP - ✔✔GPP - R =___
✔✔NSP - ✔✔GSP - R =____
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔"Island" isolation affects colonization rates - ✔✔Islands nearer to source habitat
should have higher colonization rates
More species capable of dispersing that far
By chance more individuals will disperse successfully
Nearer islands = higher Ŝ
✔✔Combined effects of isolation and size on Ŝ - ✔✔Extinction and colonization
continue at equilibrium (it is dynamic)
Species turnover results changing species composition over time
Model predicts # of species at equilibrium
− Most: large, near
− Least: small, far
✔✔Florida Keys experiment - ✔✔Observed: islands closer to mainland had higher
insect richness
Methods: Built tents and fumigated selected islands to kill all insects
Results: - More insects re-colonized nearer islands - Final richness similar to initial
richness (dashed lines)
✔✔Pangea - ✔✔single landmass 250 million years ago
, ✔✔Gondwana - ✔✔now South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, and India
✔✔Laurasia - ✔✔now North America, Europe, and Asia
✔✔Continental drift - ✔✔allowed individual continents independently to evolve groups
of organisms for long periods
✔✔major continental plates - ✔✔Movement of these plates has two important ecological
consequences:
continental drift creates and breaks barriers to dispersal
positions of continents and ocean basins influence climate
✔✔Vicariance - ✔✔splitting of a widely distributed ancestral population by continental
drift
Separation of lineages can also happen via dispersal (after a geographic event).
Both likely played a role in unique species found in isolated places like Madagascar
✔✔Primary productivity - ✔✔rate at which energy is captured and converted into
chemical bonds by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
Most energy enters biosphere via photosynthesis
Exception: chemosynthesis near deep ocean vents
✔✔Gross primary production (GPP) - ✔✔total energy acquired via photo- or
chemosynthesis
✔✔Respiration (R) - ✔✔uses oxygen to release chemical energy to drive cellular
processes
✔✔Net primary productivity (NPP) - ✔✔energy converted to producer biomass
(what is left after respiration)
✔✔Assimilated energy - ✔✔energy that a consumer digests and absorbs
(consumed - egested (pooped) energy)
(gross secondary production (GSP))
✔✔Net secondary production (NSP) - ✔✔energy converted to consumer biomass
(assimilated energy left after respiration)
✔✔NPP - ✔✔GPP - R =___
✔✔NSP - ✔✔GSP - R =____
