EXAM
COURSE CODE: PHARMACOLOGY HESI V2 DATE TIME
COURSE TITLE: Comprehensive Drug Classification Review — Anti-Infectives, ALLOWED
—/
Cardiovascular, Psychotropic & Endocrine Agents 90
—/
INSTRUCTOR: — Minutes
——
Pharmacology HESI V2
Comprehensive Drug Classification Assessment — Indications, Adverse Reactions & Nursing Implications
ALL QUESTIONS ARE COMPULSORY
A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (60 Marks)
Choose the single best answer for each question. Write the correct letter (A, B, C, or D) in the space provided.
1. A client with HIV is starting antiretroviral therapy. The nurse should monitor for which
common adverse reactions associated with HIV medications?
A. Nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and lactic acidosis.
B. Ototoxicity and peripheral neuropathy only.
C. Hypertension and hyperglycaemia as the primary adverse effects.
D. Bone marrow stimulation leading to polycythaemia.
✦ CORRECT ANSWER: A — Nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and lactic
acidosis.
Antiretroviral medications carry significant adverse reaction risks including renal insufficiency, lactic acidosis
with hepatic steatosis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (life-threatening skin reaction), hepatotoxicity, headache,
nausea/vomiting, rash, and increased risk of infection. Nursing implications: monitor for lactic acidosis
(fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, hyperventilation), monitor liver function, be aware of numerous drug
interactions, and administer with food when indicated.
, 2. The nurse is caring for a client prescribed pentamidine, an antiprotozoal agent, for
Pneumocystis pneumonia prophylaxis. Which adverse effects should the nurse
monitor?
A. CNS changes, agranulocytosis/leukopenia, phlebitis, renal calculi, and ECG abnormalities.
B. Peripheral oedema and weight gain.
C. Hyperthyroidism and exophthalmos.
D. Increased appetite and insomnia.
✦ CORRECT ANSWER: A — CNS changes, agranulocytosis/leukopenia, phlebitis, renal calculi, and ECG
abnormalities.
Antiprotozoals used for PCP prophylaxis carry significant adverse effects: CNS changes,
agranulocytosis/leukopenia, phlebitis at IV sites, renal calculi, and ECG abnormalities. Nursing implications:
use with diuretics increases thrombocytopenia risk; these agents enhance oral hypoglycaemics, requiring
blood glucose monitoring.
3. The nurse is administering nystatin oral suspension for oral candidiasis. Which
instruction is most important for the nurse to provide?
A. Swallow the medication immediately for best absorption.
B. Swish the medication in the mouth as long as possible before swallowing.
C. Take the medication on an empty stomach.
D. Dilute the medication with water before administration.
✦ CORRECT ANSWER: B — Swish the medication in the mouth as long as possible before swallowing.
For antifungal agents treating oral candidiasis (-nazole, -tericin endings), the suspension must be swished in
the mouth for as long as possible before swallowing to maximise topical contact with affected mucosal
surfaces. Amphotericin B adverse effects include anorexia, chills, cramping, muscle/joint pain, nephrotoxicity,
circulatory problems, hypotension, and hypokalaemia. Many drug interactions exist.
COURSE CODE: PHARMACOLOGY HESI V2 DATE TIME
COURSE TITLE: Comprehensive Drug Classification Review — Anti-Infectives, ALLOWED
—/
Cardiovascular, Psychotropic & Endocrine Agents 90
—/
INSTRUCTOR: — Minutes
——
Pharmacology HESI V2
Comprehensive Drug Classification Assessment — Indications, Adverse Reactions & Nursing Implications
ALL QUESTIONS ARE COMPULSORY
A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (60 Marks)
Choose the single best answer for each question. Write the correct letter (A, B, C, or D) in the space provided.
1. A client with HIV is starting antiretroviral therapy. The nurse should monitor for which
common adverse reactions associated with HIV medications?
A. Nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and lactic acidosis.
B. Ototoxicity and peripheral neuropathy only.
C. Hypertension and hyperglycaemia as the primary adverse effects.
D. Bone marrow stimulation leading to polycythaemia.
✦ CORRECT ANSWER: A — Nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and lactic
acidosis.
Antiretroviral medications carry significant adverse reaction risks including renal insufficiency, lactic acidosis
with hepatic steatosis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (life-threatening skin reaction), hepatotoxicity, headache,
nausea/vomiting, rash, and increased risk of infection. Nursing implications: monitor for lactic acidosis
(fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, hyperventilation), monitor liver function, be aware of numerous drug
interactions, and administer with food when indicated.
, 2. The nurse is caring for a client prescribed pentamidine, an antiprotozoal agent, for
Pneumocystis pneumonia prophylaxis. Which adverse effects should the nurse
monitor?
A. CNS changes, agranulocytosis/leukopenia, phlebitis, renal calculi, and ECG abnormalities.
B. Peripheral oedema and weight gain.
C. Hyperthyroidism and exophthalmos.
D. Increased appetite and insomnia.
✦ CORRECT ANSWER: A — CNS changes, agranulocytosis/leukopenia, phlebitis, renal calculi, and ECG
abnormalities.
Antiprotozoals used for PCP prophylaxis carry significant adverse effects: CNS changes,
agranulocytosis/leukopenia, phlebitis at IV sites, renal calculi, and ECG abnormalities. Nursing implications:
use with diuretics increases thrombocytopenia risk; these agents enhance oral hypoglycaemics, requiring
blood glucose monitoring.
3. The nurse is administering nystatin oral suspension for oral candidiasis. Which
instruction is most important for the nurse to provide?
A. Swallow the medication immediately for best absorption.
B. Swish the medication in the mouth as long as possible before swallowing.
C. Take the medication on an empty stomach.
D. Dilute the medication with water before administration.
✦ CORRECT ANSWER: B — Swish the medication in the mouth as long as possible before swallowing.
For antifungal agents treating oral candidiasis (-nazole, -tericin endings), the suspension must be swished in
the mouth for as long as possible before swallowing to maximise topical contact with affected mucosal
surfaces. Amphotericin B adverse effects include anorexia, chills, cramping, muscle/joint pain, nephrotoxicity,
circulatory problems, hypotension, and hypokalaemia. Many drug interactions exist.
