Page 1 of 170
NSG 3280 EXAMS 1–4 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
TESTED QUESTIONS EXAM WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS NEWEST 2026 EXAM VERIFIED
100% VERIFIED GRADED A+
Nursing | Galen College
, Page 2 of 170
The physiologic change most likely to lead to an increase in intracranial
pressure is
a. cerebral vasodilation.
b. hypernatremia.
c. respiratory hyperventilation.
d. REM sleep.
a. cerebral vasodilation
Manifestations of acute brain ischemia (Cushing reflex) are due primarily to
a. parasympathetic nervous system activation.
b. sympathetic nervous system activation.
c. autoregulation of body systems.
d. loss of brainstem reflexes.
b. sympathetic nervous system activation.
Which group of clinical findings indicates the poorest neurologic functioning?
a. Spontaneous eye opening, movement to command, oriented to self only.
b. Eyes open to light touch on shoulder, pupils briskly reactive to light
bilaterally.
c. Assumes decorticate posture with light touch, no verbal response.
d. No eye opening, responds to painful stimulus by withdrawing.
c. Assumes decorticate posture with light touch, no verbal response.
Acceleration-deceleration movements of the head often result in polar injuries
in which:
, Page 3 of 170
a. injury is localized to the site of initial impact.
b. widespread neuronal damage is incurred.
c. bleeding from venules fills the subdural space.
d. focal injuries occur in two places at opposite poles.
d. focal injuries occur in two places at opposite poles.
Secondary injury after head trauma refers to:
a. brain injury resulting from the initial trauma.
b. focal areas of bleeding.
c. brain injury resulting from the body's response to tissue damage.
d. injury as a result of medical therapy.
c. brain injury resulting from the body's response to tissue damage.
An example of inappropriate treatment for head trauma would be:
a. head elevation.
b. free water restriction.
c. hypoventilation.
d. bed rest.
C. Hypoventilation
Risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke include:
a. atherosclerosis.
b. dysrhythmias.
c. acute hypertension.
d. sedentary lifestyle.
c. acute hypertension.
The stroke etiology with the highest morbidity and mortality is:
a. intracranial hemorrhage.
b. intracranial thrombosis.
c. intracranial embolization.
d. cardiac arrest.
a. intracranial hemorrhage
, Page 4 of 170
Clinical manifestations of a stroke within the right cerebral hemisphere
include:
a. cortical blindness.
b. right visual field blindness.
c. expressive and receptive aphasia.
d. left-sided muscle weakness and neglect.
d. left-sided muscle weakness and neglect.
The most important preventive measure for hemorrhagic stroke is:
a. anticoagulation.
b. blood pressure control.
c. thrombolytics.
d. management of dysrhythmias.
B. blood pressure control.
In the acute phase of stroke, treatment is focused on:
a. stabilization of respiratory and cardiovascular function.
b. risk factor modification.
c. prevention of and contractures spasticity.
d. neurologic rehabilitation.
a. stabilization of respiratory and cardiovascular function.
Cerebral aneurysm is most frequently the result of:
a. embolic stroke.
b. subarachnoid hemorrhage.
c. subdural hemorrhage.
d. meningitis.
B. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Leakage of CS from the nose or ears is commonly associated with:
a. epidural hematoma.
b. temporal skull fracture.
NSG 3280 EXAMS 1–4 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
TESTED QUESTIONS EXAM WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS NEWEST 2026 EXAM VERIFIED
100% VERIFIED GRADED A+
Nursing | Galen College
, Page 2 of 170
The physiologic change most likely to lead to an increase in intracranial
pressure is
a. cerebral vasodilation.
b. hypernatremia.
c. respiratory hyperventilation.
d. REM sleep.
a. cerebral vasodilation
Manifestations of acute brain ischemia (Cushing reflex) are due primarily to
a. parasympathetic nervous system activation.
b. sympathetic nervous system activation.
c. autoregulation of body systems.
d. loss of brainstem reflexes.
b. sympathetic nervous system activation.
Which group of clinical findings indicates the poorest neurologic functioning?
a. Spontaneous eye opening, movement to command, oriented to self only.
b. Eyes open to light touch on shoulder, pupils briskly reactive to light
bilaterally.
c. Assumes decorticate posture with light touch, no verbal response.
d. No eye opening, responds to painful stimulus by withdrawing.
c. Assumes decorticate posture with light touch, no verbal response.
Acceleration-deceleration movements of the head often result in polar injuries
in which:
, Page 3 of 170
a. injury is localized to the site of initial impact.
b. widespread neuronal damage is incurred.
c. bleeding from venules fills the subdural space.
d. focal injuries occur in two places at opposite poles.
d. focal injuries occur in two places at opposite poles.
Secondary injury after head trauma refers to:
a. brain injury resulting from the initial trauma.
b. focal areas of bleeding.
c. brain injury resulting from the body's response to tissue damage.
d. injury as a result of medical therapy.
c. brain injury resulting from the body's response to tissue damage.
An example of inappropriate treatment for head trauma would be:
a. head elevation.
b. free water restriction.
c. hypoventilation.
d. bed rest.
C. Hypoventilation
Risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke include:
a. atherosclerosis.
b. dysrhythmias.
c. acute hypertension.
d. sedentary lifestyle.
c. acute hypertension.
The stroke etiology with the highest morbidity and mortality is:
a. intracranial hemorrhage.
b. intracranial thrombosis.
c. intracranial embolization.
d. cardiac arrest.
a. intracranial hemorrhage
, Page 4 of 170
Clinical manifestations of a stroke within the right cerebral hemisphere
include:
a. cortical blindness.
b. right visual field blindness.
c. expressive and receptive aphasia.
d. left-sided muscle weakness and neglect.
d. left-sided muscle weakness and neglect.
The most important preventive measure for hemorrhagic stroke is:
a. anticoagulation.
b. blood pressure control.
c. thrombolytics.
d. management of dysrhythmias.
B. blood pressure control.
In the acute phase of stroke, treatment is focused on:
a. stabilization of respiratory and cardiovascular function.
b. risk factor modification.
c. prevention of and contractures spasticity.
d. neurologic rehabilitation.
a. stabilization of respiratory and cardiovascular function.
Cerebral aneurysm is most frequently the result of:
a. embolic stroke.
b. subarachnoid hemorrhage.
c. subdural hemorrhage.
d. meningitis.
B. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Leakage of CS from the nose or ears is commonly associated with:
a. epidural hematoma.
b. temporal skull fracture.
