PSY 357 - Exam #4 Questions With Complete Solutions
A common linguistic constraint: Correct Answers Not all
languages have the same word order, but they do have a word
order SVO SOV and VSO. 95% of languages have those three
word orders so it's not a linguistic universal but it is really
common.
At the park, a father sees a tree and tells his son "look at that
tree! see that Tree? identify the problem the father is trying to
help the child
And the means by which the father is trying to help him?
Correct Answers mapping problem
by identifying the tree and not using a part to describe the
object, rather, father is referring to the whole "tree" making it
more obvious to the child what the object is.
Based on evidence from the KE family (whose FOXP2 gene
mutation causes changes in Broca's area physiology), and
evidence from patients with damage to Broca's area, be able to
identify the most apt (i.e., covers all evidence) description of the
function of Broca's area. Correct Answers FOXP2 = could be
possible gene mutation that is responsible for language, might
have mutated years & years ago which led to Broca's size
increased.
Allows to correctly use syntax
,KE fam of London = mutation of FOXP2 gene runs in fam; as
does language imp = implies existence of specific gene that
codes for language abilities only!
Troubles in articulation, identifying sounds/understanding
speech, understanding & producing inflections/grammaticality
judgments.
Higher levels of language trouble
So mutations of FOXP2 gene are associated with imps in both
low-level (artic) & high level (grammar) aspects of language
Be able to apply findings from Bloom et al.'s (1976) study on
the development of conversational skills to specific examples of
children having conversations with their parents. Based on their
research, what are older children likely to do differently than
younger children? Correct Answers 19-23 months (younger
kids)
utterances highly adjacent (taking turn immediately to speak
next)
adjacent utterances not contingent
35-38 months (older kids)
utterances less adjacent
Utterances contingent (relates to what they're actually talking
about)
Be able to apply Singleton's (1995) findings concerning adult
success in learning a second language to a specific example of
an adult learning Japanese. Correct Answers 5% of adults
learning 2nd language can do so with complete mastery!
, Be able to identify a description of Pinker's nativist argument,
based on negative evidence, for why language acquisition must
have an innate component. Correct Answers In the process of
learning a languages parameters..
Positive evidence alone is consistent with too many competing
grammars
Negative evidence is not generally available
Some constraints (parameters) must be innate
Argument rests on B
Be able to identify a piece of evidence that has been used to
support the idea that infants babble to practice the sounds of
their own language. Correct Answers -most languages have
similar babbling patterns
-There are subtle differences between languages- French adults
can distinguish french baby babble from Chinese baby babble.
Drive to babble is biologically and environmentally shaped.
Be able to identify a statement that best summarizes the
results/conclusions of Berko's "wug" study Correct Answers
Pre school/kindergarten children correctly answered wugs
such cases like "fish" can be illuminating
Controversial topic: are kids memorizing or learning
grammatical morphemes in rule based ways
Be able to identify a statement that statements best summarizes
the research on 4-year-olds' ability to take addressee's
perspectives into account as they speak, according to Gelman
(1973) Correct Answers Not so fast, Frenchie!
4 year olds asked to tell different partners about a toy when they
talked to
A common linguistic constraint: Correct Answers Not all
languages have the same word order, but they do have a word
order SVO SOV and VSO. 95% of languages have those three
word orders so it's not a linguistic universal but it is really
common.
At the park, a father sees a tree and tells his son "look at that
tree! see that Tree? identify the problem the father is trying to
help the child
And the means by which the father is trying to help him?
Correct Answers mapping problem
by identifying the tree and not using a part to describe the
object, rather, father is referring to the whole "tree" making it
more obvious to the child what the object is.
Based on evidence from the KE family (whose FOXP2 gene
mutation causes changes in Broca's area physiology), and
evidence from patients with damage to Broca's area, be able to
identify the most apt (i.e., covers all evidence) description of the
function of Broca's area. Correct Answers FOXP2 = could be
possible gene mutation that is responsible for language, might
have mutated years & years ago which led to Broca's size
increased.
Allows to correctly use syntax
,KE fam of London = mutation of FOXP2 gene runs in fam; as
does language imp = implies existence of specific gene that
codes for language abilities only!
Troubles in articulation, identifying sounds/understanding
speech, understanding & producing inflections/grammaticality
judgments.
Higher levels of language trouble
So mutations of FOXP2 gene are associated with imps in both
low-level (artic) & high level (grammar) aspects of language
Be able to apply findings from Bloom et al.'s (1976) study on
the development of conversational skills to specific examples of
children having conversations with their parents. Based on their
research, what are older children likely to do differently than
younger children? Correct Answers 19-23 months (younger
kids)
utterances highly adjacent (taking turn immediately to speak
next)
adjacent utterances not contingent
35-38 months (older kids)
utterances less adjacent
Utterances contingent (relates to what they're actually talking
about)
Be able to apply Singleton's (1995) findings concerning adult
success in learning a second language to a specific example of
an adult learning Japanese. Correct Answers 5% of adults
learning 2nd language can do so with complete mastery!
, Be able to identify a description of Pinker's nativist argument,
based on negative evidence, for why language acquisition must
have an innate component. Correct Answers In the process of
learning a languages parameters..
Positive evidence alone is consistent with too many competing
grammars
Negative evidence is not generally available
Some constraints (parameters) must be innate
Argument rests on B
Be able to identify a piece of evidence that has been used to
support the idea that infants babble to practice the sounds of
their own language. Correct Answers -most languages have
similar babbling patterns
-There are subtle differences between languages- French adults
can distinguish french baby babble from Chinese baby babble.
Drive to babble is biologically and environmentally shaped.
Be able to identify a statement that best summarizes the
results/conclusions of Berko's "wug" study Correct Answers
Pre school/kindergarten children correctly answered wugs
such cases like "fish" can be illuminating
Controversial topic: are kids memorizing or learning
grammatical morphemes in rule based ways
Be able to identify a statement that statements best summarizes
the research on 4-year-olds' ability to take addressee's
perspectives into account as they speak, according to Gelman
(1973) Correct Answers Not so fast, Frenchie!
4 year olds asked to tell different partners about a toy when they
talked to
