Psych 357 Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
Advances in ability to shift attention Correct Answers Ability
to shift one's focus of attention, depending on what's important
in the moment.
Ability to shift one's focus improves around preschool age and
gains continuing through middle childhood
Example: children must inhibit attending to the previously
relevant dimension while focusing on the dimension they had
just ignored.
Advances in planning Correct Answers Early childhood is a
time of marked gains in planning (thinking out a sequence of
events ahead of time and performing them accordingly to reach
a goal).
Because planning requires that basic executive processes be
integrated with other cognitive operations, planning is
considered a complex executive function activity
By the end of early childhood, children make strides in
postponing action in favor of mapping out a sequence of future
moves, evaluating the consequences of each action.
Advances in Working Memory capacity Correct Answers
Gains and advancements in working memory contribute to the
control of attention.
,With age, the ability to hold and combine information in
working memory becomes increasingly important in problem-
solving
affluence Correct Answers wealth; richness
Those in high SES often fail to engage in fam
interactions/parenting that promotes favorable devt.
School grades = poor
alc/drug use/depression/anxiety/misfits
Parents make excessive demands for achievement
age graded influences Correct Answers Events that are strongly
related to age and therefore predictable in when they occur and
how long they last (ex. Starting school at 6 and driving at 16)
age of viability Correct Answers 22-26 weeks
aggression and patterns of change Correct Answers "physical
aggression rises sharply between ages 1 and 3 and then
diminishes as verbal aggression replaces it.
And proactive aggression declines as preschoolers' improved
capacity to delay gratification enables them to resist grabbing
others' possessions.
But reactive aggression in verbal and relational forms tends to
rise over early and middle childhood. Older children are better
, able to recognize malicious intentions and, as a result, more
often retaliate in hostile ways."
Aggression types Correct Answers Two Categories of
Aggression:
Proactive (instrumental) aggression: children react in order to
fulfill a need or desire (to obtain an object, privilege, space, or
social reward like parental attention) and unemotionally attack a
person to achieve their goal.
Reactive (hostile) aggression: an angry, defensive response to
provocation or a blocked goal and is meant to hurt another
person.
Three Ways Aggression is expressed:
Physical Aggression: harms others through physical injury (i.e.,
pushing, hitting, kicking, or punching others, or destroying
another person's property).
Verbal Aggression: harms others through threats of physical
aggression, name-calling, or hostile teasing.
Relational Aggression: damages another's peer relationship
through social exclusion, malicious gossip, or friendship
manipulation.
APGAR Scale Correct Answers Accesses newborns physical
condition
Advances in ability to shift attention Correct Answers Ability
to shift one's focus of attention, depending on what's important
in the moment.
Ability to shift one's focus improves around preschool age and
gains continuing through middle childhood
Example: children must inhibit attending to the previously
relevant dimension while focusing on the dimension they had
just ignored.
Advances in planning Correct Answers Early childhood is a
time of marked gains in planning (thinking out a sequence of
events ahead of time and performing them accordingly to reach
a goal).
Because planning requires that basic executive processes be
integrated with other cognitive operations, planning is
considered a complex executive function activity
By the end of early childhood, children make strides in
postponing action in favor of mapping out a sequence of future
moves, evaluating the consequences of each action.
Advances in Working Memory capacity Correct Answers
Gains and advancements in working memory contribute to the
control of attention.
,With age, the ability to hold and combine information in
working memory becomes increasingly important in problem-
solving
affluence Correct Answers wealth; richness
Those in high SES often fail to engage in fam
interactions/parenting that promotes favorable devt.
School grades = poor
alc/drug use/depression/anxiety/misfits
Parents make excessive demands for achievement
age graded influences Correct Answers Events that are strongly
related to age and therefore predictable in when they occur and
how long they last (ex. Starting school at 6 and driving at 16)
age of viability Correct Answers 22-26 weeks
aggression and patterns of change Correct Answers "physical
aggression rises sharply between ages 1 and 3 and then
diminishes as verbal aggression replaces it.
And proactive aggression declines as preschoolers' improved
capacity to delay gratification enables them to resist grabbing
others' possessions.
But reactive aggression in verbal and relational forms tends to
rise over early and middle childhood. Older children are better
, able to recognize malicious intentions and, as a result, more
often retaliate in hostile ways."
Aggression types Correct Answers Two Categories of
Aggression:
Proactive (instrumental) aggression: children react in order to
fulfill a need or desire (to obtain an object, privilege, space, or
social reward like parental attention) and unemotionally attack a
person to achieve their goal.
Reactive (hostile) aggression: an angry, defensive response to
provocation or a blocked goal and is meant to hurt another
person.
Three Ways Aggression is expressed:
Physical Aggression: harms others through physical injury (i.e.,
pushing, hitting, kicking, or punching others, or destroying
another person's property).
Verbal Aggression: harms others through threats of physical
aggression, name-calling, or hostile teasing.
Relational Aggression: damages another's peer relationship
through social exclusion, malicious gossip, or friendship
manipulation.
APGAR Scale Correct Answers Accesses newborns physical
condition
