Pathophysiology PT 700 EXAM 1 Study Guide Questions
With Complete Solutions
Are most Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases X-linked?
Correct Answers Yes, seen in males
Congenital disease Correct Answers present at birth; may be
genetic or developmental (occurs during fetal development); ie.
clubfoot
Degenerative disease Correct Answers deterioration of
function; ie. arthritis
Hereditary disease (genetic) Correct Answers abnormality in
the genetic makeup; may or may not present at birth; ie. Down
syndrome, sickle cell anemia
How can a physical therapist monitor fluid and electrolyte
balance? Correct Answers Clinical assessments, daily weight,
input/output record, vital signs
How many organ systems are there with PT? Correct Answers
7
How many Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases are there?
Correct Answers Over 200
Inflammatory disease Correct Answers triggering of
inflammatory process; ie. allergies, lupus
,Is thirst always a reliable indicator of dehydration? Correct
Answers No
Lack of oxygen Correct Answers A decrease of oxygen to the
tissue. Hypoxia, (
Ischemia)
Metabolic disease Correct Answers metabolism is altered; ie.
Diabetes, obesity
Neoplastic disease Correct Answers abnormal cellular growth;
ie. Tumors, cancer,
What are acidosis and alkalosis? Correct Answers Imbalances
in acid/base balance
What are antibodies? Correct Answers Proteins produced by B
cells that help defend against pathogens by binding to them and
marking them for destruction.
What are antimicrobial proteins? Correct Answers Proteins
found in various body fluids that help defend against pathogens.
What are B lymphocytes? Correct Answers A type of white
blood cell that produces antibodies and plays a central role in
humoral immunity.
What are basophils? Correct Answers A type of granular
leukocyte (white blood cell) that releases histamine and other
chemicals during an allergic reaction.
, What are benign tumors? Correct Answers Encapsulated, more
differentiated with more normal like cells but reproducing more
rapidly than normal
What are chemical barriers? Correct Answers The first line of
defense against pathogens, including enzymes and acidic pH.
What are common causes of hypernatremia? Correct Answers
Dehydration, fluid restrictions, Cushing's syndrome
What are common causes of hypokalemia? Correct Answers
Inadequate intake, diuretics; commonly seen in older adults
What are common causes of hyponatremia? Correct Answers
HF, diuretics, cirrhosis, excess water intake
What are compensatory mechanisms? Correct Answers
Physiological mechanisms to protect the body
What are complement proteins? Correct Answers A group of
proteins that help destroy pathogens by punching holes in their
cell membranes.
What are complications? Correct Answers New problems that
arise from a disease or treatment
What are congenital defects? Correct Answers Birth defects
that occur during fetal development
What are cytokines and chemokines? Correct Answers
Molecules that drive metastasis within the microenvironment
With Complete Solutions
Are most Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases X-linked?
Correct Answers Yes, seen in males
Congenital disease Correct Answers present at birth; may be
genetic or developmental (occurs during fetal development); ie.
clubfoot
Degenerative disease Correct Answers deterioration of
function; ie. arthritis
Hereditary disease (genetic) Correct Answers abnormality in
the genetic makeup; may or may not present at birth; ie. Down
syndrome, sickle cell anemia
How can a physical therapist monitor fluid and electrolyte
balance? Correct Answers Clinical assessments, daily weight,
input/output record, vital signs
How many organ systems are there with PT? Correct Answers
7
How many Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases are there?
Correct Answers Over 200
Inflammatory disease Correct Answers triggering of
inflammatory process; ie. allergies, lupus
,Is thirst always a reliable indicator of dehydration? Correct
Answers No
Lack of oxygen Correct Answers A decrease of oxygen to the
tissue. Hypoxia, (
Ischemia)
Metabolic disease Correct Answers metabolism is altered; ie.
Diabetes, obesity
Neoplastic disease Correct Answers abnormal cellular growth;
ie. Tumors, cancer,
What are acidosis and alkalosis? Correct Answers Imbalances
in acid/base balance
What are antibodies? Correct Answers Proteins produced by B
cells that help defend against pathogens by binding to them and
marking them for destruction.
What are antimicrobial proteins? Correct Answers Proteins
found in various body fluids that help defend against pathogens.
What are B lymphocytes? Correct Answers A type of white
blood cell that produces antibodies and plays a central role in
humoral immunity.
What are basophils? Correct Answers A type of granular
leukocyte (white blood cell) that releases histamine and other
chemicals during an allergic reaction.
, What are benign tumors? Correct Answers Encapsulated, more
differentiated with more normal like cells but reproducing more
rapidly than normal
What are chemical barriers? Correct Answers The first line of
defense against pathogens, including enzymes and acidic pH.
What are common causes of hypernatremia? Correct Answers
Dehydration, fluid restrictions, Cushing's syndrome
What are common causes of hypokalemia? Correct Answers
Inadequate intake, diuretics; commonly seen in older adults
What are common causes of hyponatremia? Correct Answers
HF, diuretics, cirrhosis, excess water intake
What are compensatory mechanisms? Correct Answers
Physiological mechanisms to protect the body
What are complement proteins? Correct Answers A group of
proteins that help destroy pathogens by punching holes in their
cell membranes.
What are complications? Correct Answers New problems that
arise from a disease or treatment
What are congenital defects? Correct Answers Birth defects
that occur during fetal development
What are cytokines and chemokines? Correct Answers
Molecules that drive metastasis within the microenvironment
