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NIGHTINGALE COLLEGE
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
2026
Pathophysiology - correct-answer -The study of the underlying changes in body
physiology (molecular, cellular, and organ systems) that result from disease or
injury.
Pathology - correct-answer -The investigation of structural alterations in cells,
tissues, and organs, which can help identify the cause of a particular disease.
Diagnosis - correct-answer -The naming or identification of a disease - is made
from an evaluation of the evidence accumulated from the presenting signs and
symptoms, health and medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and
imaging.
Etiology - correct-answer -The study of the CAUSE of disease
Epidemiology - correct-answer -The study of tracking patterns or disease
occurrence and transmission among populations and by geographic areas
Nucleus - correct-answer -Controls and regulates the activities of the cell (e.g.,
growth and metabolism) and carries the genes, structures that contain the
hereditary information
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Cytoplasm - correct-answer -An aqueous solution. The medium for chemical
reaction. It provides a platform upon which other organelles can operate within
the cell. All of the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried
out in the cytoplasm of a cell.
Ribosomes - correct-answer -Provide sites for cellular protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum - correct-answer -Specializes in synthesis, folding, and
transport of protein and lipid components of most organelles. A new role is
sensing cellular stress.
Golgi apparatus - correct-answer -Responsible for processing and packaging
proteins onto secretory vesicles that break away from the complex and migrate to
various intracellular and extracellular destinations, including plasma membrane.
Lysosomes - correct-answer -Contain enzymes for digesting most cellular
substances to their basic form, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and
carbohydrates (sugars).
Peroxisomes - correct-answer -Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol,
hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals
Mitochondria - correct-answer -Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site
of ATP (energy) production
Cytoskeleton - correct-answer -Network of protein filaments within some cells
that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell
movement
NIGHTINGALE COLLEGE
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
2026
Pathophysiology - correct-answer -The study of the underlying changes in body
physiology (molecular, cellular, and organ systems) that result from disease or
injury.
Pathology - correct-answer -The investigation of structural alterations in cells,
tissues, and organs, which can help identify the cause of a particular disease.
Diagnosis - correct-answer -The naming or identification of a disease - is made
from an evaluation of the evidence accumulated from the presenting signs and
symptoms, health and medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and
imaging.
Etiology - correct-answer -The study of the CAUSE of disease
Epidemiology - correct-answer -The study of tracking patterns or disease
occurrence and transmission among populations and by geographic areas
Nucleus - correct-answer -Controls and regulates the activities of the cell (e.g.,
growth and metabolism) and carries the genes, structures that contain the
hereditary information
, 2
Cytoplasm - correct-answer -An aqueous solution. The medium for chemical
reaction. It provides a platform upon which other organelles can operate within
the cell. All of the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried
out in the cytoplasm of a cell.
Ribosomes - correct-answer -Provide sites for cellular protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum - correct-answer -Specializes in synthesis, folding, and
transport of protein and lipid components of most organelles. A new role is
sensing cellular stress.
Golgi apparatus - correct-answer -Responsible for processing and packaging
proteins onto secretory vesicles that break away from the complex and migrate to
various intracellular and extracellular destinations, including plasma membrane.
Lysosomes - correct-answer -Contain enzymes for digesting most cellular
substances to their basic form, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and
carbohydrates (sugars).
Peroxisomes - correct-answer -Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol,
hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals
Mitochondria - correct-answer -Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site
of ATP (energy) production
Cytoskeleton - correct-answer -Network of protein filaments within some cells
that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell
movement
