Bio 1330: Final TXST- Examination All
Questions Answered Correct /Graded
A+.
what is the general purpose of aerobic cellular respiration? - Answer Aerobic cellular
respiration is the harvesting of energy (for ATP synthesis) from the degradation of food
molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins).
What happens if oxygen is not adequate for aerobic cellular respiration? - Answer Anaerobic
respiration occurs. It is less efficient and produces a lower amount of ATP.
Aerobic cellular respiration generates much more ATP than fermentation does. Why? - Answer
in the cellular respiration, there's a part that's the electron transport chain. the last electron
acceptor is oxygen (it is reduced).
In absence of Oxygen, the electron transport chain cannot continue as electrons are "stuck" in
the complexes because the last electron acceptor is absent.
So here's what happens, the only source of ATP is now the 2ATPs produced in the glycolysis: this
situation is called fermentation.
remember that normal respiraton yields about 32 ATPs
Can you draw a sketch of the complete process of glucose breakdown to CO2, showing where
they happen, and what are formed? - Answer ...
How do mitochondria use high energy electrons released during glucose oxidation, to make
ATP? - Answer Through a process called oxidative phosphorylation: Phosphorylation of ADP
makes ATP, using the force generated by oxidation of electron carriers
What are the electron carriers that accept electrons during aerobic respiration? What happens
to them when they accept electrons? - Answer NAD+/FAD, They are reduced to NADH/FADH2
Why is it logical to say that cellular respiration and fermentation involve many redox reactions? -
Answer Because of the many instances of donating and accepting electrons that happen
throughout each process
Where does glycolysis happen? What are formed by glycolysis? - Answer Outside the
mitochondrial matrix, 2 3-carbon pyruvate acids
What is the purpose of using 2ATPs at the beginning of glycolysis? - Answer To have the
necessary energy required to produce 2 pyruvate and 2 ATP
, What is substrate level phosphorylation? (use the figure 9.6, page159) - Answer When the
substrate gives the phosphate at the end of its chain to ADP to make ATP.
What happens to pyruvate produced during glycolysis? Where does it get processed? What is
formed? - Answer It is turned into 2 2-carbon acetyl CoA, but not before reducing NAD+ to
NADH by giving it an electron, and giving off CO2 as a byproduct
Where does Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) happen? Why do we call it as a 'cycle'? - Answer In
the mitochondrial matrix, Because it happens twice for every one glucose given (once for every
one acetyl CoA)
What molecules are formed during citric acid cycle? Of these, what molecules are released from
the cell? What molecules carry electrons to the electron transport chain? - Answer Products:
CO2, NADH/FADH2, ATP. NADH and FADH2 are the electron carriers
Where does electron transport chain (ETC) happen? Why do we say that ETC is a series of redox
reactions? - Answer Happens in the mitochondrial inner membrane, and because of the
many instances of reducing and oxidizing through accepting and donating electrons
What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration? Why can't we survive by fermentation alone,
without oxygen? - Answer Oxygen is the final electron acceptor, w/o it ETC stops,
NADH/FADH2 stay reduced and in that stops the krebs cycle. Fermentation does not make
enough ATP needed to survive.
How does the ETC build the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane? -
Answer When electrons pass along the ETC, protons (H+) are taken through different points
along the membrane into the inner membrane thus building up a proton gradient between the
inner membrane and the matrix
What is the role of proton motive force in aerobic cellular respiration? Does proton motive force
help ATP synthesis during fermentation? - Answer The force of the flow of protons rotates
part of the enzyme complex and the mechanical process adds a phosphate group to ADP
making ATP. NO, because w/o oxygen there is no ETC and in that no proton motive force.
Describe "chemiosmosis" in your own words : - Answer The movement of protons from a
higher pressure area (inner membrane) to a lower pressure area (matrix)
What is phosphorylation?
What is oxidative phosphorylation? - Answer Phosphorylation = adding a phosphate group.
Oxidative phosphorylation = phosphorylation driven by oxidative events
Questions Answered Correct /Graded
A+.
what is the general purpose of aerobic cellular respiration? - Answer Aerobic cellular
respiration is the harvesting of energy (for ATP synthesis) from the degradation of food
molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins).
What happens if oxygen is not adequate for aerobic cellular respiration? - Answer Anaerobic
respiration occurs. It is less efficient and produces a lower amount of ATP.
Aerobic cellular respiration generates much more ATP than fermentation does. Why? - Answer
in the cellular respiration, there's a part that's the electron transport chain. the last electron
acceptor is oxygen (it is reduced).
In absence of Oxygen, the electron transport chain cannot continue as electrons are "stuck" in
the complexes because the last electron acceptor is absent.
So here's what happens, the only source of ATP is now the 2ATPs produced in the glycolysis: this
situation is called fermentation.
remember that normal respiraton yields about 32 ATPs
Can you draw a sketch of the complete process of glucose breakdown to CO2, showing where
they happen, and what are formed? - Answer ...
How do mitochondria use high energy electrons released during glucose oxidation, to make
ATP? - Answer Through a process called oxidative phosphorylation: Phosphorylation of ADP
makes ATP, using the force generated by oxidation of electron carriers
What are the electron carriers that accept electrons during aerobic respiration? What happens
to them when they accept electrons? - Answer NAD+/FAD, They are reduced to NADH/FADH2
Why is it logical to say that cellular respiration and fermentation involve many redox reactions? -
Answer Because of the many instances of donating and accepting electrons that happen
throughout each process
Where does glycolysis happen? What are formed by glycolysis? - Answer Outside the
mitochondrial matrix, 2 3-carbon pyruvate acids
What is the purpose of using 2ATPs at the beginning of glycolysis? - Answer To have the
necessary energy required to produce 2 pyruvate and 2 ATP
, What is substrate level phosphorylation? (use the figure 9.6, page159) - Answer When the
substrate gives the phosphate at the end of its chain to ADP to make ATP.
What happens to pyruvate produced during glycolysis? Where does it get processed? What is
formed? - Answer It is turned into 2 2-carbon acetyl CoA, but not before reducing NAD+ to
NADH by giving it an electron, and giving off CO2 as a byproduct
Where does Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) happen? Why do we call it as a 'cycle'? - Answer In
the mitochondrial matrix, Because it happens twice for every one glucose given (once for every
one acetyl CoA)
What molecules are formed during citric acid cycle? Of these, what molecules are released from
the cell? What molecules carry electrons to the electron transport chain? - Answer Products:
CO2, NADH/FADH2, ATP. NADH and FADH2 are the electron carriers
Where does electron transport chain (ETC) happen? Why do we say that ETC is a series of redox
reactions? - Answer Happens in the mitochondrial inner membrane, and because of the
many instances of reducing and oxidizing through accepting and donating electrons
What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration? Why can't we survive by fermentation alone,
without oxygen? - Answer Oxygen is the final electron acceptor, w/o it ETC stops,
NADH/FADH2 stay reduced and in that stops the krebs cycle. Fermentation does not make
enough ATP needed to survive.
How does the ETC build the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane? -
Answer When electrons pass along the ETC, protons (H+) are taken through different points
along the membrane into the inner membrane thus building up a proton gradient between the
inner membrane and the matrix
What is the role of proton motive force in aerobic cellular respiration? Does proton motive force
help ATP synthesis during fermentation? - Answer The force of the flow of protons rotates
part of the enzyme complex and the mechanical process adds a phosphate group to ADP
making ATP. NO, because w/o oxygen there is no ETC and in that no proton motive force.
Describe "chemiosmosis" in your own words : - Answer The movement of protons from a
higher pressure area (inner membrane) to a lower pressure area (matrix)
What is phosphorylation?
What is oxidative phosphorylation? - Answer Phosphorylation = adding a phosphate group.
Oxidative phosphorylation = phosphorylation driven by oxidative events
