Bio 322 exam 1 (plouviez) Questions With Complete
Solutions
___ million species have been formally described Correct
Answers 2
____ were historically thought to be a fungus Correct Answers
oomycetes
______ are the direct and indirect contributions of ecosystems to
human well-being Correct Answers ecosystem services
_______ increases species richness then 1) niche number
increases and 2) colonization of new species Correct Answers
heterogeneity
_________ is what is destroying the virus Correct Answers
immune system
______heterogeneity (richness decreases) then 1) niches are too
small and 2) population size decrease and 3) ______ of species
in the area Correct Answers too much
extinction
"stramen"=
"pilos"= Correct Answers flagellum
hair
,*understand how to read a phylo tree from the root to leaf (past
to present)* Correct Answers
2 ways to quantify species richness: Correct Answers -
sampling distribution of quadrats
-transect
*The quadrat position are chosen randomly or they are placed
along a transect. A transect is a line placed across a community
of organisms. The population of each quadrat must be known
exactly. Species must be distinguishable from each other, even if
they have to be identified at a later date*
3 areas antibiotics target in a cell: Correct Answers cell wall
synthesis(beta lactams, cell membrane, vancomycin and
bacitracin)
nucleic acid synthesis(dna gyrase, rna polymerase, folate
synthesis)
protein synthesis(30s subunit and 50s subunit)
3 domains of life Correct Answers Bacteria, Archaea,
Eukaryota
3 major functions of capsule/slime layer/s-layer Correct
Answers protection, attachment to surfaces, facilitate motility of
gliding bacteria
3 ways of sampling distribution of quadrats: Correct Answers -
even spaced
,-random (chance)
-zoned (clustered)
4 parts of a phylogenetic tree: Correct Answers branches
root: not all trees are rooted
nodes: represent hypothetical ancestors of the taxa
leaves/terminal nodes/tips
4 steps of how antibiotic resistance arises (scenario):
1) high number of bacteria. a few of them are resistant to
antibiotics
2) antibiotics kill bacteria causing the illness, as well as ____
bacteria protecting the body from infection
3)the resistant bacteria now have preferred conditions to grow
and take over
4) bacteria can even transfer their drug resistance to other
bacteria, causing more problems Correct Answers good
8 major taxonomic levels: Correct Answers domain (domains),
kingdom(kingdoms), phylum(phyla), class(classes),
order(orders), family(families), genus(genera), species(species)
A process where bacteria can undergo ____ to genetically
preserve itself and cease binary fission Correct Answers
sporulation
*extra info: The timing must be perfect. If a microbe commits to
become a spore too soon it may die from competition with
healthy neighbors that continue multiplying. Delaying the
, decision too long could cause death by starvation before the
spore formation is complete.*
Action of beta-lactam antibiotics (ex: penicillin) Correct
Answers beta-lactams block the action of PBP-->block
synthesis of peptidoglycan
ex: penicillin (beta-lactam) would travel through the porins in
the membrane and bind to penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) in
the membrane. This activates penicillin itself, so it detaches and
travels to the cell wall to inactivate transpeptidase enzymes. this
results in a collapse of amino acid chains and destruction of the
overall cell wall-->usually cell lysis
An increasing proportion of bacteria display resistance to
common antibiotics. What antibiotic is most resistant? Correct
Answers fluoroquinolones
an organism that grows best in moderate temperature, neither
too hot nor too cold, with an optimum growth range from 20 to
45 °C Correct Answers mesophile
another subgroup of stramenopila: Correct Answers brown
algae (phaeophyceae)
Antibiotic Resistance transmits mutations to descendants during
the following _____ Correct Answers binary fission
antigenic drift Correct Answers small changes in the genes of
viruses that happen gradually over time as the virus replicates
Solutions
___ million species have been formally described Correct
Answers 2
____ were historically thought to be a fungus Correct Answers
oomycetes
______ are the direct and indirect contributions of ecosystems to
human well-being Correct Answers ecosystem services
_______ increases species richness then 1) niche number
increases and 2) colonization of new species Correct Answers
heterogeneity
_________ is what is destroying the virus Correct Answers
immune system
______heterogeneity (richness decreases) then 1) niches are too
small and 2) population size decrease and 3) ______ of species
in the area Correct Answers too much
extinction
"stramen"=
"pilos"= Correct Answers flagellum
hair
,*understand how to read a phylo tree from the root to leaf (past
to present)* Correct Answers
2 ways to quantify species richness: Correct Answers -
sampling distribution of quadrats
-transect
*The quadrat position are chosen randomly or they are placed
along a transect. A transect is a line placed across a community
of organisms. The population of each quadrat must be known
exactly. Species must be distinguishable from each other, even if
they have to be identified at a later date*
3 areas antibiotics target in a cell: Correct Answers cell wall
synthesis(beta lactams, cell membrane, vancomycin and
bacitracin)
nucleic acid synthesis(dna gyrase, rna polymerase, folate
synthesis)
protein synthesis(30s subunit and 50s subunit)
3 domains of life Correct Answers Bacteria, Archaea,
Eukaryota
3 major functions of capsule/slime layer/s-layer Correct
Answers protection, attachment to surfaces, facilitate motility of
gliding bacteria
3 ways of sampling distribution of quadrats: Correct Answers -
even spaced
,-random (chance)
-zoned (clustered)
4 parts of a phylogenetic tree: Correct Answers branches
root: not all trees are rooted
nodes: represent hypothetical ancestors of the taxa
leaves/terminal nodes/tips
4 steps of how antibiotic resistance arises (scenario):
1) high number of bacteria. a few of them are resistant to
antibiotics
2) antibiotics kill bacteria causing the illness, as well as ____
bacteria protecting the body from infection
3)the resistant bacteria now have preferred conditions to grow
and take over
4) bacteria can even transfer their drug resistance to other
bacteria, causing more problems Correct Answers good
8 major taxonomic levels: Correct Answers domain (domains),
kingdom(kingdoms), phylum(phyla), class(classes),
order(orders), family(families), genus(genera), species(species)
A process where bacteria can undergo ____ to genetically
preserve itself and cease binary fission Correct Answers
sporulation
*extra info: The timing must be perfect. If a microbe commits to
become a spore too soon it may die from competition with
healthy neighbors that continue multiplying. Delaying the
, decision too long could cause death by starvation before the
spore formation is complete.*
Action of beta-lactam antibiotics (ex: penicillin) Correct
Answers beta-lactams block the action of PBP-->block
synthesis of peptidoglycan
ex: penicillin (beta-lactam) would travel through the porins in
the membrane and bind to penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) in
the membrane. This activates penicillin itself, so it detaches and
travels to the cell wall to inactivate transpeptidase enzymes. this
results in a collapse of amino acid chains and destruction of the
overall cell wall-->usually cell lysis
An increasing proportion of bacteria display resistance to
common antibiotics. What antibiotic is most resistant? Correct
Answers fluoroquinolones
an organism that grows best in moderate temperature, neither
too hot nor too cold, with an optimum growth range from 20 to
45 °C Correct Answers mesophile
another subgroup of stramenopila: Correct Answers brown
algae (phaeophyceae)
Antibiotic Resistance transmits mutations to descendants during
the following _____ Correct Answers binary fission
antigenic drift Correct Answers small changes in the genes of
viruses that happen gradually over time as the virus replicates
