BIO 322 Exam 2 ASU Questions With Complete Solutions
• Discuss the idea behind focusing conservation efforts on
habitat matrix areas, in addition to protected areas. Correct
Answers making habitat matrix less hospitable than their
surrounding protected areas but not enough to isolate the
surrounding meta populations.
• Evaluate and explain the relative size of the heterozygote
deficit among different taxa. Correct Answers as the percent of
heterozygosity decreases the number of immigrants per
species(generation) increases.
A large value of FST (the inbreeding coefficient) relative to FST
values calculated for similar types of species indicates that
Correct Answers a dispersal corridor may be a good investment
because migration between subpopulations is currently limited.
Assume you know little or nothing about (1) sex ratio, (2)
mating structure, or (3) population size variability in your
species of interest. Is there a general rule about how much
smaller Ne is compared to N? Correct Answers It depends on
the species, but on average Ne is roughly 10-20% of the total
census number of an endangered population
So if in a census N = 100 individuals, you can estimate that Ne
is roughly 10-20 individuals
Before-after-control-impact (BACI) Correct Answers method
to evaluate natural and human-induced perturbations on
ecological variables when treatment sites cannot be randomly
chosen
,benefit of restoring ecosystem to reference state Correct
Answers returns ecosystem to how it was before human
interaction
benefit of restoring maximum ecosystem services regardless of
reference state Correct Answers ecosystem would become
multifunctional, including for humans
biodiversity hotspot approach Correct Answers Save as much
land as possible in places with highest endemic biodiversity and
under the greatest threats.
Weaknesses: there are >1 billion people living in hotspots, is it
feasible?
biodiversity offsets Correct Answers conservation actions
intended to compensate for the residual, unavoidable impact on
biodiversity caused by projects, to ensure at least a no net loss of
biodiversity
biology of rarity Correct Answers Conservation Science is
concerned with the distinctive problems faced by small
populations because population size (N) is inversely related to
risk in terms of amount of genetic variation and numbers of
individuals. We will call this the biology of rarity.
camera traps advantages and disadvantages Correct Answers
advantages = easy to use, small footprint, animals remain in
natural habitat, identify unknown species
, disadvantages = costly, difficulty getting film
developed(cameras in remote areas), many pictures to sort
through
Critics of dispersal corridors worry that corridors may Correct
Answers -function as an ecological trap.
-cause outbreeding depression or disrupt the evolutionary
divergence of isolated populations.
-facilitate the movement of nonnative organisms among habitat
patches.
de-extinction Correct Answers the process of creating an
organism, which is either a member of, or resembles an extinct
species, or breeding population of such organisms.
Demographic Matrix Model Correct Answers - a mathematical,
population growth model in which birth rate and death rate
depend on age size, or life stage
- require a lot of knowledge about the biology and ecology of
the species of interest at different life stages
Different kinds of averages or means Correct Answers
Arithmetic mean > Geometric mean > Harmonic mean
Arithmetic mean: sum of a collection of numbers divided by the
total number of observations; appropriate statistic when the
difference between numbers is additive
Harmonic mean:when the average of rates is desired
Geometric mean: more appropriate than the arithmetic mean for
describing average proportional growth, both exponential
growth (constant proportional growth) and varying growth
• Discuss the idea behind focusing conservation efforts on
habitat matrix areas, in addition to protected areas. Correct
Answers making habitat matrix less hospitable than their
surrounding protected areas but not enough to isolate the
surrounding meta populations.
• Evaluate and explain the relative size of the heterozygote
deficit among different taxa. Correct Answers as the percent of
heterozygosity decreases the number of immigrants per
species(generation) increases.
A large value of FST (the inbreeding coefficient) relative to FST
values calculated for similar types of species indicates that
Correct Answers a dispersal corridor may be a good investment
because migration between subpopulations is currently limited.
Assume you know little or nothing about (1) sex ratio, (2)
mating structure, or (3) population size variability in your
species of interest. Is there a general rule about how much
smaller Ne is compared to N? Correct Answers It depends on
the species, but on average Ne is roughly 10-20% of the total
census number of an endangered population
So if in a census N = 100 individuals, you can estimate that Ne
is roughly 10-20 individuals
Before-after-control-impact (BACI) Correct Answers method
to evaluate natural and human-induced perturbations on
ecological variables when treatment sites cannot be randomly
chosen
,benefit of restoring ecosystem to reference state Correct
Answers returns ecosystem to how it was before human
interaction
benefit of restoring maximum ecosystem services regardless of
reference state Correct Answers ecosystem would become
multifunctional, including for humans
biodiversity hotspot approach Correct Answers Save as much
land as possible in places with highest endemic biodiversity and
under the greatest threats.
Weaknesses: there are >1 billion people living in hotspots, is it
feasible?
biodiversity offsets Correct Answers conservation actions
intended to compensate for the residual, unavoidable impact on
biodiversity caused by projects, to ensure at least a no net loss of
biodiversity
biology of rarity Correct Answers Conservation Science is
concerned with the distinctive problems faced by small
populations because population size (N) is inversely related to
risk in terms of amount of genetic variation and numbers of
individuals. We will call this the biology of rarity.
camera traps advantages and disadvantages Correct Answers
advantages = easy to use, small footprint, animals remain in
natural habitat, identify unknown species
, disadvantages = costly, difficulty getting film
developed(cameras in remote areas), many pictures to sort
through
Critics of dispersal corridors worry that corridors may Correct
Answers -function as an ecological trap.
-cause outbreeding depression or disrupt the evolutionary
divergence of isolated populations.
-facilitate the movement of nonnative organisms among habitat
patches.
de-extinction Correct Answers the process of creating an
organism, which is either a member of, or resembles an extinct
species, or breeding population of such organisms.
Demographic Matrix Model Correct Answers - a mathematical,
population growth model in which birth rate and death rate
depend on age size, or life stage
- require a lot of knowledge about the biology and ecology of
the species of interest at different life stages
Different kinds of averages or means Correct Answers
Arithmetic mean > Geometric mean > Harmonic mean
Arithmetic mean: sum of a collection of numbers divided by the
total number of observations; appropriate statistic when the
difference between numbers is additive
Harmonic mean:when the average of rates is desired
Geometric mean: more appropriate than the arithmetic mean for
describing average proportional growth, both exponential
growth (constant proportional growth) and varying growth
