Mendelian Genetics: Laws of Inheritance and Complex
Patterns
Heritable Factors
Genetic elements maintaining identity across generations.
Red Snapdragon
Parent plant with red flower phenotype.
White Snapdragon
Parent plant with white flower phenotype.
Pink Snapdragon
F1 hybrid phenotype from red and white parents.
Allelic Variations
Different forms of a gene affecting traits.
Molecular Blood Group
Blood type determined by specific surface molecules.
M Molecule
Surface molecule present in LM homozygous individuals.
N Molecule
Surface molecule present in LN homozygous individuals.
Segregation of Alleles
Distribution of alleles into gametes during reproduction.
,Superscript Alleles
Notation indicating different alleles for a gene.
Locus (L)
Gene location determining blood group phenotype.
Phenotype Expression
Visible traits resulting from genotype interactions.
Mendelian Inheritance
Inheritance patterns established by Gregor Mendel's studies.
Round Pea Seeds
Result from dominant allele coding for functional enzyme.
Wrinkled Pea Seeds
Result from recessive allele leading to defective enzyme.
Tay-Sachs Disease
Genetic disorder caused by lipid metabolism failure.
Polydactyly
Condition of having extra fingers or toes.
Multiple Alleles
More than two allelic forms for a gene.
ABO Blood Groups
Blood types determined by three alleles: IA, IB, i.
Blood Type A
, Presence of carbohydrate A on red blood cells.
Blood Type B
Presence of carbohydrate B on red blood cells.
Blood Type AB
Presence of both carbohydrates A and B.
Blood Type O
Absence of both carbohydrates A and B.
Pleiotropy
Single gene affecting multiple phenotypic traits.
Enzyme Activity
Function of enzymes influenced by allele presence.
Osmosis in Seeds
Water movement causing seed wrinkling in recessive alleles.
Pleiotropic alleles
Alleles affecting multiple traits or symptoms.
Cystic fibrosis
Hereditary disease with multiple symptoms.
Sickle-cell disease
Genetic disorder affecting hemoglobin structure.
Epistasis
One gene alters expression of another gene.
Patterns
Heritable Factors
Genetic elements maintaining identity across generations.
Red Snapdragon
Parent plant with red flower phenotype.
White Snapdragon
Parent plant with white flower phenotype.
Pink Snapdragon
F1 hybrid phenotype from red and white parents.
Allelic Variations
Different forms of a gene affecting traits.
Molecular Blood Group
Blood type determined by specific surface molecules.
M Molecule
Surface molecule present in LM homozygous individuals.
N Molecule
Surface molecule present in LN homozygous individuals.
Segregation of Alleles
Distribution of alleles into gametes during reproduction.
,Superscript Alleles
Notation indicating different alleles for a gene.
Locus (L)
Gene location determining blood group phenotype.
Phenotype Expression
Visible traits resulting from genotype interactions.
Mendelian Inheritance
Inheritance patterns established by Gregor Mendel's studies.
Round Pea Seeds
Result from dominant allele coding for functional enzyme.
Wrinkled Pea Seeds
Result from recessive allele leading to defective enzyme.
Tay-Sachs Disease
Genetic disorder caused by lipid metabolism failure.
Polydactyly
Condition of having extra fingers or toes.
Multiple Alleles
More than two allelic forms for a gene.
ABO Blood Groups
Blood types determined by three alleles: IA, IB, i.
Blood Type A
, Presence of carbohydrate A on red blood cells.
Blood Type B
Presence of carbohydrate B on red blood cells.
Blood Type AB
Presence of both carbohydrates A and B.
Blood Type O
Absence of both carbohydrates A and B.
Pleiotropy
Single gene affecting multiple phenotypic traits.
Enzyme Activity
Function of enzymes influenced by allele presence.
Osmosis in Seeds
Water movement causing seed wrinkling in recessive alleles.
Pleiotropic alleles
Alleles affecting multiple traits or symptoms.
Cystic fibrosis
Hereditary disease with multiple symptoms.
Sickle-cell disease
Genetic disorder affecting hemoglobin structure.
Epistasis
One gene alters expression of another gene.
