PSY2110 FINAL QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Mortality Benefit for Men
Men's peak mortality benefit of having a twin is in mid-40s
(6%).
Mortality Benefit for Women
Women's peak mortality benefit is in their early 60s (10%).
Physical Changes - Vision
Cornea can become foggy, lens can yellow, and cataracts may
form.
Macular Degeneration
Leading cause of blindness in late adulthood; affects 10-30% of
older adults. macular retinal cells breakdown,
Risk Factors for Macular Degeneration
Includes age, smoking, genotype, UV light exposure, lack of
exercise, and high fat diet.
Hearing Changes
Reduced blood supply to auditory cortex, stiffening of
membranes, and cell death.
Tinnitus
Perception of sound without a stimulus; affects 10% of adults
and 1/3 of those over 65.
,Sensory Changes
Smell, touch, and taste all decrease with age due to neural
changes or damage.
Physical Deterioration
Staff and family often underestimate the competence of the
elderly.
Dependency-Support Script
Dependent individuals receive more support than independent
ones.
Social Interaction and Independence
Social interaction centered on support can reinforce dependence
and lead to feelings of being a burden.
Depression in Older Adults
Much higher in men than women; highest rates are among ages
50-64.
Causes of Depression
Includes low autonomy, negative life changes, and poor mental
health services for institutionalized individuals.
Staff Training Considerations
Update information on aging and train staff in effective behavior
modification techniques.
why should you take note of individual differences in the
elderly?
,people vary vastly in the ADL needs
why do twins live longer than non twins?
- Unknown various theories though
- Social support, relationships
- Marriage protection effect, people who are married are happier
- Self-selection bias: people who are already healthy self-select
to get married as opposed to non healthy
- Unable to self-select with twins (can't choose to be a twin)
what happens to your vision with macular degeneration?
peripheral vision remains intact, face to face/head on visor
ceases
what are some treatments for tinnitus?
drugs, attention/mindfulness, nerve stimulation
what should staff and fast do to combat physical deterioration in
the elderly?
respond to their actual weakness, not just their expected
weakness as it can cause dependance also decrease depression as
it allows them to remain in control over what areas then want
and don't want help in
what is one goal of staff training?
to increase independence supportive actions and decrease
dependant supportive actions
What is the Agonal Phase in the context of dying?
The phase where struggle is present before death.
, What is Clinical Death?
A state where there are no vital signs, but resuscitation is still
possible.
Define Mortality.
Permanent death.
How do younger generations typically experience death?
They often reach adulthood without experiencing the death of
someone they know.
What is a common setting for death in modern times?
Medical settings under medical care.
Why is death often a stigmatized topic?
It is rarely discussed openly due to societal discomfort.
What is Death Anxiety?
The fear and anxiety surrounding death, which varies among
individuals and cultures.
How does spirituality affect death anxiety among Westerners?
Spirituality tends to reduce death anxiety compared to religious
commitment.
At what age does death anxiety typically decline?
It declines with age, being lowest in late adulthood.
Which gender tends to experience more death anxiety?
Women are generally more anxious than men about death.
SOLUTIONS
Mortality Benefit for Men
Men's peak mortality benefit of having a twin is in mid-40s
(6%).
Mortality Benefit for Women
Women's peak mortality benefit is in their early 60s (10%).
Physical Changes - Vision
Cornea can become foggy, lens can yellow, and cataracts may
form.
Macular Degeneration
Leading cause of blindness in late adulthood; affects 10-30% of
older adults. macular retinal cells breakdown,
Risk Factors for Macular Degeneration
Includes age, smoking, genotype, UV light exposure, lack of
exercise, and high fat diet.
Hearing Changes
Reduced blood supply to auditory cortex, stiffening of
membranes, and cell death.
Tinnitus
Perception of sound without a stimulus; affects 10% of adults
and 1/3 of those over 65.
,Sensory Changes
Smell, touch, and taste all decrease with age due to neural
changes or damage.
Physical Deterioration
Staff and family often underestimate the competence of the
elderly.
Dependency-Support Script
Dependent individuals receive more support than independent
ones.
Social Interaction and Independence
Social interaction centered on support can reinforce dependence
and lead to feelings of being a burden.
Depression in Older Adults
Much higher in men than women; highest rates are among ages
50-64.
Causes of Depression
Includes low autonomy, negative life changes, and poor mental
health services for institutionalized individuals.
Staff Training Considerations
Update information on aging and train staff in effective behavior
modification techniques.
why should you take note of individual differences in the
elderly?
,people vary vastly in the ADL needs
why do twins live longer than non twins?
- Unknown various theories though
- Social support, relationships
- Marriage protection effect, people who are married are happier
- Self-selection bias: people who are already healthy self-select
to get married as opposed to non healthy
- Unable to self-select with twins (can't choose to be a twin)
what happens to your vision with macular degeneration?
peripheral vision remains intact, face to face/head on visor
ceases
what are some treatments for tinnitus?
drugs, attention/mindfulness, nerve stimulation
what should staff and fast do to combat physical deterioration in
the elderly?
respond to their actual weakness, not just their expected
weakness as it can cause dependance also decrease depression as
it allows them to remain in control over what areas then want
and don't want help in
what is one goal of staff training?
to increase independence supportive actions and decrease
dependant supportive actions
What is the Agonal Phase in the context of dying?
The phase where struggle is present before death.
, What is Clinical Death?
A state where there are no vital signs, but resuscitation is still
possible.
Define Mortality.
Permanent death.
How do younger generations typically experience death?
They often reach adulthood without experiencing the death of
someone they know.
What is a common setting for death in modern times?
Medical settings under medical care.
Why is death often a stigmatized topic?
It is rarely discussed openly due to societal discomfort.
What is Death Anxiety?
The fear and anxiety surrounding death, which varies among
individuals and cultures.
How does spirituality affect death anxiety among Westerners?
Spirituality tends to reduce death anxiety compared to religious
commitment.
At what age does death anxiety typically decline?
It declines with age, being lowest in late adulthood.
Which gender tends to experience more death anxiety?
Women are generally more anxious than men about death.
