BSN 246 Pharmacology Quiz 1 Comprehensive Study Guide Drug Absorption Empty Stomach Administration Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics Agonists Antagonists Sympathetic Nervous System Clonidine Effects Adverse Reactions Ideal Drug Properties Naloxone Mechani

BSN 246 Pharmacology Quiz 1 Comprehensive Study Guide Drug Absorption Empty Stomach Administration Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics Agonists Antagonists Sympathetic Nervous System Clonidine Effects Adverse Reactions Ideal Drug Properties Naloxone Mechanism Drug Development Phases Older Adult Pharmacology Medication Errors Pharmacogenomics Dopamine Effects P Glycoprotein Drug Interactions Nursing Implications Patient Education Exam Questions Verified and Provided with Complete A+ Graded Answers Latest Updated 2026 The prescriber has ordered an antibiotic for a patient with a bacterial infection. The nurse provides patient education at discharge and instructs the patient to take the drug on an empty stomach. When should the patient take the drug? (Select all that apply.) -1 hour or more before a meal -at least 2 hours after a meal The absorption of some drugs can be significantly reduced by food; these drugs should be taken on an empty stomach, which is 1 hour or more before a meal or at least 2 hours after a meal. An 8-hour fast is not necessary; the patient does not need to miss a meal to take the medication; and it is not reasonable to have the patient on thin liquids for 12 hours. A nurse is teaching nursing students about the use of nonproprietary names for drugs. The nurse tells them which fact about nonproprietary names? they are assigned by the U.S adopted names council Nonproprietary, or generic, names are assigned by the U.S. Adopted Names Council, which ensures that each drug has only one name. Trade names, or brand names, are approved by the FDA and are easier to remember. Some nonproprietary names contain syllables that identify the classification, although not all do. Drug names are not supposed to identify the use for the drug, although some brand names do so. A nurse is administering an agonist drug that acts on postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system. Which response will the nurse expect to see? increased cardiac output Norepinephrine (NE) is the most common neurotransmitter released by all postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system except those going to sweat glands where ACh is the neurotransmitter. NE acts on alpha1, alpha2, and beta1 receptors to increase the force and rate of cardiac contraction, thus increasing cardiac output. ACh would increase sweating. Bronchodilation occurs when epinephrine activates beta2 receptors on bronchial smooth muscle. NE affects alpha1 receptors to dilate the pupils. A nurse is preparing to administer a medication and learns that it is a nonselective agonist drug. What does the nurse understand about this drug? it directly activates receptors to affect many physiologic processes Drugs that directly activate receptors are called agonists, so this drug will directly activate the receptor site. Drugs that are nonselective activate a variety of receptor sites. A selective agonist would directly activate specific receptors to affect a specific process. An antagonist would prevent receptor activation. A patient who has been taking clonidine [Catapres] for several weeks complains of drowsiness and constipation. What will the nurse do? Recommend that the patient take most of the daily dose at bedtime. CNS depression is common with clonidine, but this effect lessens over time. Constipation is also a common side effect. Patients who take most of the daily amount at bedtime can minimize daytime sedation. Transdermal forms of clonidine do not alter adverse effects. Patients who are abusing clonidine often experience euphoria and hallucinations along with sedation, but they generally find these effects desirable and would not complain about them to a healthcare provider. Clonidine should not be withdrawn abruptly, because serious rebound hypertension can occur. What are the properties of an ideal drug? (Select all that apply.) -chemical stability -predictability -ease of administration In addition to predictability, ease of administration, and chemical stability, other properties include a reversible action so that any harm the drug may cause can be undone and a simple generic name, because generic names are usually complex and difficult to remember and pronounce. The nurse administers naloxone [Narcan] to a patient who has received a toxic dose of morphine sulfate. The nurse understands that the naloxone is effective because of which action? preventing activation of opioid receptors through antagonist actions Naloxone acts by blocking the action of opioids at opioid receptors. An opioid agonist would increase the effects of morphine. Naloxone does not affect serum pH or excretion of opioids. Naloxone does not alter the sensitivity of opioid receptors. Someone asks a nurse about a new drug that is in preclinical testing and wants to know why it cannot be used to treat a friend's illness. Which statement by the nurse is correct? "at this stage of drug development, the safety and usefulness of the medication is unknown"