NURS 660 SUM EXAM 1 CERTIFICATION TEST
PAPER 2026 COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED
A PLUS
◉ Hyperprolactinemia causes.
Answer: -adenoma
-drugs (SSRI, antipsychotics, cocaine)
-hypothyroidism
-mass effect
-trauma
◉ Hyperprolactinemia Tx.
Answer: dopamine agonists (cabergoline, bromocriptine)
◉ D2 receptor benefit.
Answer: Improves positive symptoms
◉ Postural hypotension (orthostatic hypotension).
Answer: alpha 1 adrenergic side effect
◉ Sedation.
,Answer: Histamine H1 side effect
◉ What receptors are involved in weight gain?.
Answer: 5HT2C weight changes + H1 sedation
◉ alpha 1 adrenergic receptor side effects.
Answer: Orthostatic hypotension
Reflex tachycardia
Dizziness
◉ alpha 2 adrenergic receptors side effect.
Answer: -Modulates alpha tone
-Counter regulatory for alpha-1 stimulation
-Inhibits norepinephrine
Risk of drug interactions
◉ muscarinic receptors side effect.
Answer: are normally activated by acetylcholine
ANS response
blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention,
tachycardia, memory
,◉ D2 antagonism side effects.
Answer: receptors involved in dopamine transmission
decrease limbic activity
EPS, TD,
endocrine effects-prolactin secretion, sexual dysfunction
increase reward seeking behaviors
◉ 5HT2A receptors benefit.
Answer: Decreased EPS
◉ 5HT2C benefit.
Answer: unknown
◉ Histamine H1.
Answer: Sedation
◉ muscarinic receptor benefit.
Answer: Decrease EPS
◉ alpha 1 adrenergic receptor benefit.
Answer: unknown
, ◉ alpha 2 adrenergic benefit.
Answer: unknown
◉ What do all antipsychotics have in common?.
Answer: They reduce dopaminergic neurotransmission.
◉ CYP 450 inducers.
Answer: Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Rifampin,
Griseofulvin
◉ CYP450 inhibitors.
Answer: CRACK AMIGOS: Cimetidine, Ritonavir (protease inhibitor),
Amiodarone, Ciprofloxacin, Ketoconazole (and other azoles), Acute
alcohol use, Macrolides, Isoniazid, Grapefruit Juice, Omeprazole,
Sulfonamides
◉ Volume of distribution (Vd).
Answer: A ratio used to estimate the distribution of a drug within
the body relative to the total amount of fluid in the body. It is
calculated as the amount of drug administered divided by the
plasma concentration of the drug.
◉ Bioavailability.
PAPER 2026 COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED
A PLUS
◉ Hyperprolactinemia causes.
Answer: -adenoma
-drugs (SSRI, antipsychotics, cocaine)
-hypothyroidism
-mass effect
-trauma
◉ Hyperprolactinemia Tx.
Answer: dopamine agonists (cabergoline, bromocriptine)
◉ D2 receptor benefit.
Answer: Improves positive symptoms
◉ Postural hypotension (orthostatic hypotension).
Answer: alpha 1 adrenergic side effect
◉ Sedation.
,Answer: Histamine H1 side effect
◉ What receptors are involved in weight gain?.
Answer: 5HT2C weight changes + H1 sedation
◉ alpha 1 adrenergic receptor side effects.
Answer: Orthostatic hypotension
Reflex tachycardia
Dizziness
◉ alpha 2 adrenergic receptors side effect.
Answer: -Modulates alpha tone
-Counter regulatory for alpha-1 stimulation
-Inhibits norepinephrine
Risk of drug interactions
◉ muscarinic receptors side effect.
Answer: are normally activated by acetylcholine
ANS response
blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention,
tachycardia, memory
,◉ D2 antagonism side effects.
Answer: receptors involved in dopamine transmission
decrease limbic activity
EPS, TD,
endocrine effects-prolactin secretion, sexual dysfunction
increase reward seeking behaviors
◉ 5HT2A receptors benefit.
Answer: Decreased EPS
◉ 5HT2C benefit.
Answer: unknown
◉ Histamine H1.
Answer: Sedation
◉ muscarinic receptor benefit.
Answer: Decrease EPS
◉ alpha 1 adrenergic receptor benefit.
Answer: unknown
, ◉ alpha 2 adrenergic benefit.
Answer: unknown
◉ What do all antipsychotics have in common?.
Answer: They reduce dopaminergic neurotransmission.
◉ CYP 450 inducers.
Answer: Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Rifampin,
Griseofulvin
◉ CYP450 inhibitors.
Answer: CRACK AMIGOS: Cimetidine, Ritonavir (protease inhibitor),
Amiodarone, Ciprofloxacin, Ketoconazole (and other azoles), Acute
alcohol use, Macrolides, Isoniazid, Grapefruit Juice, Omeprazole,
Sulfonamides
◉ Volume of distribution (Vd).
Answer: A ratio used to estimate the distribution of a drug within
the body relative to the total amount of fluid in the body. It is
calculated as the amount of drug administered divided by the
plasma concentration of the drug.
◉ Bioavailability.
