NURS 660 SUM EXAM 1 ASSESSMENT SCRIPT
2026 VERIFIED ANSWERS COMPREHENSIVE
REVIEW
◉ alpha 1 adrenergic receptor benefit.
Answer: unknown
◉ alpha 2 adrenergic benefit.
Answer: unknown
◉ What do all antipsychotics have in common?
Answer: They reduce dopaminergic neurotransmission.
◉ CYP 450 inducers.
Answer: Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Rifampin,
Griseofulvin
◉ CYP450 inhibitors.
Answer: CRACK AMIGOS: Cimetidine, Ritonavir (protease inhibitor),
Amiodarone, Ciprofloxacin, Ketoconazole (and other azoles), Acute
alcohol use, Macrolides, Isoniazid, Grapefruit Juice, Omeprazole,
Sulfonamides
,◉ Volume of distribution (Vd).
Answer: A ratio used to estimate the distribution of a drug within
the body relative to the total amount of fluid in the body. It is
calculated as the amount of drug administered divided by the
plasma concentration of the drug.
◉ Bioavailability.
Answer: A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug
and route (from 0% to 100%).
◉ Pharmacokinetics.
Answer: The method by which drugs are absorbed, distributed,
metabolized, and eliminated or excreted by the body.
◉ Examples of low potency typical antipsychotics.
Answer: Chlorpromazine (Thorazine), Thioridazine (Mellaril).
◉ Low potency antipsychotics.
Answer: Have fewer extrapyramidal side effects, more
anticholinergic and histamine side effects, more sedation, dry
mouth.
◉ Examples of high potency antipsychotics.
,Answer: Trifluoperazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol.
◉ Effects of high potency antipsychotics.
Answer: Less histamine, muscarinic effects, less sedation, weight
gain, anticholinergic effects, more EPS effects, affinity for and tightly
bind to D2 receptors.
◉ Drug Potency vs Efficacy.
Answer: Drug potency refers to the receptor's affinity, ability to bind
to the drug not the efficacy. All antipsychotics have efficacy.
◉ Other possible causes of hyperprolactinemia.
Answer: Pregnancy, stress, exercise, high protein meals, tumors,
drugs (metoclopramide (Reglan), methyl dopa), estrogen,
hypothyroidism, chronic renal failure.
◉ When to check for hyperprolactinemia?.
Answer: Not routinely checked. Ask about symptoms - menstrual
changes, sexual dysfunction.
◉ Precautions when doing lab for hyperprolactinemia?.
Answer: Check in the morning a few hours after waking, fasting,
avoid strenuous exercise 20-30 minutes before, caution
stress/anxiety can increase and alter result.
, ◉ Dopamine.
Answer: primary neurotransmitter involved in schizophrenia.
◉ Glutamate.
Answer: secondary neurotransmitter in schizophrenia; experimental
with no drug treatment.
◉ Glutamate theory of schizophrenia.
Answer: Observations that PCP induces acute psychotic,
schizophrenia-like symptoms.
◉ Decrease in hippocampus.
Answer: Associated with increased dopamine activity in the
striatum.
◉ FGAs.
Answer: First-generation antipsychotics including Chlorpromazine,
Thioridazine, Loxapine, Perphenazine, Fluphenazine, Haloperidol,
Trifuoperazine, Thiothixene.
◉ FGA MOA.
2026 VERIFIED ANSWERS COMPREHENSIVE
REVIEW
◉ alpha 1 adrenergic receptor benefit.
Answer: unknown
◉ alpha 2 adrenergic benefit.
Answer: unknown
◉ What do all antipsychotics have in common?
Answer: They reduce dopaminergic neurotransmission.
◉ CYP 450 inducers.
Answer: Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Rifampin,
Griseofulvin
◉ CYP450 inhibitors.
Answer: CRACK AMIGOS: Cimetidine, Ritonavir (protease inhibitor),
Amiodarone, Ciprofloxacin, Ketoconazole (and other azoles), Acute
alcohol use, Macrolides, Isoniazid, Grapefruit Juice, Omeprazole,
Sulfonamides
,◉ Volume of distribution (Vd).
Answer: A ratio used to estimate the distribution of a drug within
the body relative to the total amount of fluid in the body. It is
calculated as the amount of drug administered divided by the
plasma concentration of the drug.
◉ Bioavailability.
Answer: A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug
and route (from 0% to 100%).
◉ Pharmacokinetics.
Answer: The method by which drugs are absorbed, distributed,
metabolized, and eliminated or excreted by the body.
◉ Examples of low potency typical antipsychotics.
Answer: Chlorpromazine (Thorazine), Thioridazine (Mellaril).
◉ Low potency antipsychotics.
Answer: Have fewer extrapyramidal side effects, more
anticholinergic and histamine side effects, more sedation, dry
mouth.
◉ Examples of high potency antipsychotics.
,Answer: Trifluoperazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol.
◉ Effects of high potency antipsychotics.
Answer: Less histamine, muscarinic effects, less sedation, weight
gain, anticholinergic effects, more EPS effects, affinity for and tightly
bind to D2 receptors.
◉ Drug Potency vs Efficacy.
Answer: Drug potency refers to the receptor's affinity, ability to bind
to the drug not the efficacy. All antipsychotics have efficacy.
◉ Other possible causes of hyperprolactinemia.
Answer: Pregnancy, stress, exercise, high protein meals, tumors,
drugs (metoclopramide (Reglan), methyl dopa), estrogen,
hypothyroidism, chronic renal failure.
◉ When to check for hyperprolactinemia?.
Answer: Not routinely checked. Ask about symptoms - menstrual
changes, sexual dysfunction.
◉ Precautions when doing lab for hyperprolactinemia?.
Answer: Check in the morning a few hours after waking, fasting,
avoid strenuous exercise 20-30 minutes before, caution
stress/anxiety can increase and alter result.
, ◉ Dopamine.
Answer: primary neurotransmitter involved in schizophrenia.
◉ Glutamate.
Answer: secondary neurotransmitter in schizophrenia; experimental
with no drug treatment.
◉ Glutamate theory of schizophrenia.
Answer: Observations that PCP induces acute psychotic,
schizophrenia-like symptoms.
◉ Decrease in hippocampus.
Answer: Associated with increased dopamine activity in the
striatum.
◉ FGAs.
Answer: First-generation antipsychotics including Chlorpromazine,
Thioridazine, Loxapine, Perphenazine, Fluphenazine, Haloperidol,
Trifuoperazine, Thiothixene.
◉ FGA MOA.
