Page 1 of 64
HONDROS BIO 254 FINAL EXAM
2025|ORIGINAL 280+ QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS|100% VERIFIED|A+
GRADE ASSURED
Question 1
A patient has a blood pressure of 150/95 mm Hg. The 95
represents:
A) Systolic pressure during ventricular contraction
B) Diastolic pressure during ventricular relaxation ✅
C) Pulse pressure
D) Mean arterial pressure
Rationale: Diastolic pressure is the minimum arterial pressure
during ventricular relaxation (diastole). Normal is <80 mm Hg.
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Question 2
Which cardiac valve prevents backflow into the left ventricle
during ventricular relaxation?
A) Tricuspid valve
B) Pulmonary semilunar valve
C) Aortic semilunar valve ✅
D) Mitral valve
Rationale: The aortic semilunar valve closes during diastole to
prevent blood from returning to the left ventricle from the aorta.
Question 3 (Scenario)
A 55-year-old with chest pain has an ECG showing ST-segment
elevation in leads II, III, and aVF. Which coronary artery is most
likely occluded?
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A) Left anterior descending (LAD)
B) Right coronary artery (RCA) ✅
C) Left circumflex (LCx)
D) Posterior descending artery
Rationale: Leads II, III, aVF represent the inferior wall of the
heart, supplied by the RCA in most people.
Question 4
The P wave on an ECG represents:
A) Ventricular depolarization
B) Atrial depolarization ✅
C) Ventricular repolarization
D) Atrial repolarization
Rationale: P wave = atrial depolarization (contraction). QRS =
ventricular depolarization. T wave = ventricular repolarization.
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Question 5
Which structure is the pacemaker of the heart?
A) Atrioventricular (AV) node
B) Purkinje fibers
C) Sinoatrial (SA) node ✅
D) Bundle of His
Rationale: The SA node has the fastest intrinsic firing rate
(60-100 bpm) and sets the heart rhythm.
Question 6
During exercise, which factor primarily increases cardiac output?
A) Decreased stroke volume
B) Increased heart rate and increased stroke volume ✅
HONDROS BIO 254 FINAL EXAM
2025|ORIGINAL 280+ QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS|100% VERIFIED|A+
GRADE ASSURED
Question 1
A patient has a blood pressure of 150/95 mm Hg. The 95
represents:
A) Systolic pressure during ventricular contraction
B) Diastolic pressure during ventricular relaxation ✅
C) Pulse pressure
D) Mean arterial pressure
Rationale: Diastolic pressure is the minimum arterial pressure
during ventricular relaxation (diastole). Normal is <80 mm Hg.
,Page 2 of 64
Question 2
Which cardiac valve prevents backflow into the left ventricle
during ventricular relaxation?
A) Tricuspid valve
B) Pulmonary semilunar valve
C) Aortic semilunar valve ✅
D) Mitral valve
Rationale: The aortic semilunar valve closes during diastole to
prevent blood from returning to the left ventricle from the aorta.
Question 3 (Scenario)
A 55-year-old with chest pain has an ECG showing ST-segment
elevation in leads II, III, and aVF. Which coronary artery is most
likely occluded?
,Page 3 of 64
A) Left anterior descending (LAD)
B) Right coronary artery (RCA) ✅
C) Left circumflex (LCx)
D) Posterior descending artery
Rationale: Leads II, III, aVF represent the inferior wall of the
heart, supplied by the RCA in most people.
Question 4
The P wave on an ECG represents:
A) Ventricular depolarization
B) Atrial depolarization ✅
C) Ventricular repolarization
D) Atrial repolarization
Rationale: P wave = atrial depolarization (contraction). QRS =
ventricular depolarization. T wave = ventricular repolarization.
, Page 4 of 64
Question 5
Which structure is the pacemaker of the heart?
A) Atrioventricular (AV) node
B) Purkinje fibers
C) Sinoatrial (SA) node ✅
D) Bundle of His
Rationale: The SA node has the fastest intrinsic firing rate
(60-100 bpm) and sets the heart rhythm.
Question 6
During exercise, which factor primarily increases cardiac output?
A) Decreased stroke volume
B) Increased heart rate and increased stroke volume ✅
