1
HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
CHAPTER 1|WELL REVISED
ASSESSMENT EXAM WITH VERIFIED
SOLUITIONS 2026
What is metabolism? - correct-answer -a broad term that includes all chemical
reactions that occur within the body
includes breaking down substances into their simpler building blocks (catabolism),
synthesizing more complex cellular structures from simpler ones (anabolism), and
using nutrients and oxygen to produce ATP, the energy rich molecules that power
cellular activities
What are the survival needs? - correct-answer -Nutrients (needed for energy and
cell building), oxygen (approx. 20% of the air we breathe), water (60-80% of our
body), normal body temp. (37 c) and atmospheric pressure (force that air exerts
on the surface of the body
What is homeostasis? - correct-answer -the ability to maintain a relatively stable
internal environment in an ever-changing outside world
What are control mechanisms for homeostasis? - correct-answer -3 components -
- the receptor is a sensor that monitors the environment and responds to
changes, called stimuli and then sends info to the control center where it is
,2
analyzed and determines the appropriate response or course of action
(determines the set point - the level that must be maintained) and then the info
flows to the effector which provides the means for the control centers response
to the stimulus (output). The results of the response then feed back to influence
the effect of the stimulus by either reducing it (negative feedback) or enhancing it
(positive feedback)
What is negative feedback within homeostasis? and example - correct-answer -
the response reduces or shuts off the original stimulus regulation of body temp
(nervous mechanism) regulation of blood sugar (endocrine mechanism)
What separates living beings from nonliving objects? - correct-answer -Living
organisms are able to maintain their boundaries, move, respond to environmental
change, digest nutrients, carry out metabolism, dispose of wastes, reproduce and
grow. while inanimate objects do not exhibit all of these
What name is given to all chemical reactions that occur within body cells -
correct-answer -metabolism
Why is it necessary to be in a pressurized cabin when flying at 30,000 feet? -
correct-answer -because the atmosphere is thinner at high altitudes and the
amount of oxygen entering the blood under such conditions may be insufficient
to maintain life
,3
What's the process of negative back for regulation of blood volume by ADH -
correct-answer -Receptors sense decreased blood volume, control center in
hypothalamus stimulates pituitary gland to release antidiuretic hormone ADH,
ADH causes the kidneys (effectors) to return more water to the blood.
What is positive feedback examples - correct-answer -the response enhances,
exaggerates or accelerates the original stimulus (cascades); exhibits an amplifying
effect; usually controls infrequent events ex: enhancement of labor contractions
by oxytocin, platelet plug formation and blood clotting
Homeostatic imbalance is the ...what does this cause? - correct-answer -
disturbance of homeostasis increases risk of disease, contributes to changes
associated with aging, may allow destructive positive feedback mechanisms to
take over (heart failure)
the head is _______ to the abdomen - correct-answer -superior
the navel is ______ to the chin - correct-answer -inferior
the breastbone is _____ to the spine - correct-answer -anterior (ventral)
, 4
the heart is _____ to the breastbone - correct-answer -posterior (dorsal)
the heart is _____ to the arm - correct-answer -medial
the arms are _____ lateral to the chest - correct-answer -lateral
the collarbone is _________ between the breastbone and shoulder - correct-
answer -intermediate
the elbow is _______ to the wrist - correct-answer -proximal
the knee is ___ to the thigh - correct-answer -distal
the skin is ________ to the skeletal muscles - correct-answer -superficial
the lungs are _____ to the skin - correct-answer -deep
HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
CHAPTER 1|WELL REVISED
ASSESSMENT EXAM WITH VERIFIED
SOLUITIONS 2026
What is metabolism? - correct-answer -a broad term that includes all chemical
reactions that occur within the body
includes breaking down substances into their simpler building blocks (catabolism),
synthesizing more complex cellular structures from simpler ones (anabolism), and
using nutrients and oxygen to produce ATP, the energy rich molecules that power
cellular activities
What are the survival needs? - correct-answer -Nutrients (needed for energy and
cell building), oxygen (approx. 20% of the air we breathe), water (60-80% of our
body), normal body temp. (37 c) and atmospheric pressure (force that air exerts
on the surface of the body
What is homeostasis? - correct-answer -the ability to maintain a relatively stable
internal environment in an ever-changing outside world
What are control mechanisms for homeostasis? - correct-answer -3 components -
- the receptor is a sensor that monitors the environment and responds to
changes, called stimuli and then sends info to the control center where it is
,2
analyzed and determines the appropriate response or course of action
(determines the set point - the level that must be maintained) and then the info
flows to the effector which provides the means for the control centers response
to the stimulus (output). The results of the response then feed back to influence
the effect of the stimulus by either reducing it (negative feedback) or enhancing it
(positive feedback)
What is negative feedback within homeostasis? and example - correct-answer -
the response reduces or shuts off the original stimulus regulation of body temp
(nervous mechanism) regulation of blood sugar (endocrine mechanism)
What separates living beings from nonliving objects? - correct-answer -Living
organisms are able to maintain their boundaries, move, respond to environmental
change, digest nutrients, carry out metabolism, dispose of wastes, reproduce and
grow. while inanimate objects do not exhibit all of these
What name is given to all chemical reactions that occur within body cells -
correct-answer -metabolism
Why is it necessary to be in a pressurized cabin when flying at 30,000 feet? -
correct-answer -because the atmosphere is thinner at high altitudes and the
amount of oxygen entering the blood under such conditions may be insufficient
to maintain life
,3
What's the process of negative back for regulation of blood volume by ADH -
correct-answer -Receptors sense decreased blood volume, control center in
hypothalamus stimulates pituitary gland to release antidiuretic hormone ADH,
ADH causes the kidneys (effectors) to return more water to the blood.
What is positive feedback examples - correct-answer -the response enhances,
exaggerates or accelerates the original stimulus (cascades); exhibits an amplifying
effect; usually controls infrequent events ex: enhancement of labor contractions
by oxytocin, platelet plug formation and blood clotting
Homeostatic imbalance is the ...what does this cause? - correct-answer -
disturbance of homeostasis increases risk of disease, contributes to changes
associated with aging, may allow destructive positive feedback mechanisms to
take over (heart failure)
the head is _______ to the abdomen - correct-answer -superior
the navel is ______ to the chin - correct-answer -inferior
the breastbone is _____ to the spine - correct-answer -anterior (ventral)
, 4
the heart is _____ to the breastbone - correct-answer -posterior (dorsal)
the heart is _____ to the arm - correct-answer -medial
the arms are _____ lateral to the chest - correct-answer -lateral
the collarbone is _________ between the breastbone and shoulder - correct-
answer -intermediate
the elbow is _______ to the wrist - correct-answer -proximal
the knee is ___ to the thigh - correct-answer -distal
the skin is ________ to the skeletal muscles - correct-answer -superficial
the lungs are _____ to the skin - correct-answer -deep
