anterior, ventral
front or direction toward the front of body
posterior, dorsal
back or direction toward the back of body
superior, cranial
position above or higher than another part of the body proper
inferior, caudal
position below or lower than another part of the body proper
lateral
side or direction toward the side of the body
,medial
middle or direction toward the middle of the body
proximal
position in a limb nearer to point of attachment or trunk of body
distal
position in a limb farther from point of attachment or trunk of body
superficial
position closer to surface of body
,axial skeleton
bones along the axis, or central line, of the human body
appendicular skeleton
bones of the limbs (extremities) and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton
compact bone tissue
the strongest form of bone tissue that accounts for ~80% bone mass; gives bone smooth, dense, solid appearance
spongy bone tissue
fills part or all of interior of many bones; porous and contains irregular spaces; accounts for ~20% of bone mass
, long
cylinder-like shape; strongest bones in body; lever for skeletal muscles; e.g. humerus, femur, phalanges
short
similar length in all directions; provide stability and support while allowing for some motion; e.g. carpal and tarsal
bones
flat
plate-like structure; points of attachment for muscles; e.g. bones of skull, rib cage, scapula
irregular
not regular in shape; protect internal organs; e.g. vertebrae, mandible
sesamoid
small and rounded; embedded in tendons; protect tendons from compressive forces; e.g. patella
front or direction toward the front of body
posterior, dorsal
back or direction toward the back of body
superior, cranial
position above or higher than another part of the body proper
inferior, caudal
position below or lower than another part of the body proper
lateral
side or direction toward the side of the body
,medial
middle or direction toward the middle of the body
proximal
position in a limb nearer to point of attachment or trunk of body
distal
position in a limb farther from point of attachment or trunk of body
superficial
position closer to surface of body
,axial skeleton
bones along the axis, or central line, of the human body
appendicular skeleton
bones of the limbs (extremities) and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton
compact bone tissue
the strongest form of bone tissue that accounts for ~80% bone mass; gives bone smooth, dense, solid appearance
spongy bone tissue
fills part or all of interior of many bones; porous and contains irregular spaces; accounts for ~20% of bone mass
, long
cylinder-like shape; strongest bones in body; lever for skeletal muscles; e.g. humerus, femur, phalanges
short
similar length in all directions; provide stability and support while allowing for some motion; e.g. carpal and tarsal
bones
flat
plate-like structure; points of attachment for muscles; e.g. bones of skull, rib cage, scapula
irregular
not regular in shape; protect internal organs; e.g. vertebrae, mandible
sesamoid
small and rounded; embedded in tendons; protect tendons from compressive forces; e.g. patella
