Renal Disorders Questions and Answers Updated 2026

Renal Disorders
Questions and
Answers Updated
2026
RENALBFAILUREB-
BAnswerBInabilityBofBtheBkidneysBtoBexcreteBwastesBandBtoBhelpBmaintainBtheBelectr
olyteBbalance



PRERENALB-
BAnswerBThisBtypeBofBAcuteBRenalBFailureBisBcausedBbyBAcuteBTubularBNecrosisBdue
BtoBlackBofBO2B(perfusion).BEABVB(EffectiveBarterialBbloodBvolume)Bfalls,BcausingBthis
BtypeBofBfailure.BCanBhappenBquickly.BDoBDialysisBimmediately,BthenBfigureBoutBwhat
BisBcausingBit.



INTRARENALB-
BAnswerBincludeBconditionsBthatBcauseBdirectBdamageBtoBtheBkidneyBtissue,Bresulting
BinBimpairedBnephronBfunction;BusuallyBresultsBfromBprolongedBischemia,Bnephrotoxin
s,BhemoglobingBfromBhemolyzedBRBC



POSTRENALB-
BAnswerBsuddenBobstructionBofBurineBflowBdueBtoBenlargedBprostate,BkidneyBstones,
BbladderBtumor,BorBinjury



ACUTEBRENALBFAILUREB-
BAnswerBABrapidBdeclineBinBGFRBresultingBinBazotemia,BanBincreasedBmetabolicBwast
eBproductsBinBtheBblood.BDecreasedBrenalBperfusionBwillBactivateBRASBandBreleaseBal
dosteroneBtoBincreaseBwaterBandBsodiumBretentionBreducingBavailableBfiltrateBtoBrena
lBtubularBcellBnecrosisBandBsloughing.BARFBisBaBsecondaryBdisease;BusuallyBreversible.

, BNephronsBonlyBbeginBtoBshowBs/sBwhenBkidneysBhaveB50%Bdamage.BKidneysBnorma
llyBreceiveB25%BofBCO



CHRONICBRENALBFAILUREB-
BAnswerBResultsBinBaBprogressiveBandBirreversibleBlossBofBnephronBmassB(renalBatrop
hy)

-
ResultsBinBuremia:BdeclineBofBfunctionBandBtheBaccumulationBandBretentionBofBtoxicB
wastesB(increasingBBUNBandBcreatinine)BinBtheBblood

-
Demonstrates:Banemia,BmetabolicBacidosis,BelevatedBBUNBandBcreatinine,Bhypertension
BisBdueBtoBelectrolyteBimbalances,BandBcardiovascularBdisturbancesB(e.g.BfromBelevate
dBK+)



RENALBINSUFFICIENCYB-
BAnswerBsecondBstageBofBCRF;BoccursBonceB75%BofBtheBnephronsBareBlost;Bcharacte
rizedBbyBaBdecreaseBinBglomerularBfiltrationBrateBandBincreasedBbloodBlevelsBofBnitro
gen-
containingBwastesBandBcreatinine;BtheBkidneysBcannotBeffectivelyBconcentrateBorBdilut
eBtheBurine



ENDBSTAGEBRENALBDISEASEB-
BAnswerBTheBfinalBstageBofBkidneyBfailureB(asBthatBresultingBfromBdiabetes,BchronicB
hypertension,BorBglomerulonephritis)BthatBisBmarkedBbyBtheBcompleteBorBnearlyBcom
pleteBirreversibleBlossBofBrenalBfunction



CHRONICBKIDNEYBDISEASEB-
BAnswerBABslow,BprogressiveBdeclineBinBkidneyBfunctionBdueBtoBlong-termBinjury

B-BUsuallyBoccurringBoverBaBcourseBofByears

NormalBkidneyBfunctionBisBaBGFRBofBapproximatelyB120Bml/min/1.73m2

CKDBdefinedBasBaBGFRB<60ml/min/1.73m2BorBtheBpresenceBofBkidneyBdamageBforBat
BleastB3Bmonths