ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
1. Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?
A. Ribosome
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration. Ribosomes
synthesize proteins, lysosomes digest cellular waste, and the Golgi apparatus
modifies and packages proteins.
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2. Which tissue type lines body cavities and covers body surfaces?
A. Connective tissue
B. Muscle tissue
C. Nervous tissue
D. Epithelial tissue
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Epithelial tissue forms protective coverings and linings throughout the
body. Connective tissue supports structures, muscle tissue contracts, and nervous
tissue transmits impulses.
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3. The functional unit of the kidney is the:
A. Neuron
B. Alveolus
C. Nephron
D. Sarcomere
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The nephron filters blood and forms urine. Neurons are nerve cells,
alveoli are air sacs in the lungs, and sarcomeres are units of muscle contraction.
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4. Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
A. Pulmonary artery
B. Superior vena cava
C. Aorta
D. Pulmonary vein
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Pulmonary veins transport oxygenated blood to the left atrium.
Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
────────────────────────────
, 5. A patient has difficulty digesting fats after gallbladder removal. Which substance is
directly affected?
A. Pepsin
B. Bile
C. Insulin
D. Amylase
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile, which emulsifies fats.
Pepsin digests proteins, insulin regulates glucose, and amylase digests carbohydrates.
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6. Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for balance and coordination?
A. Cerebrum
B. Medulla oblongata
C. Cerebellum
D. Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The cerebellum coordinates movement and balance. The cerebrum
handles higher thinking, the medulla regulates vital functions, and the hypothalamus
maintains homeostasis.
────────────────────────────
7. During inhalation, the diaphragm:
A. Relaxes and moves upward
B. Contracts and flattens
C. Contracts and rises
D. Remains stationary
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The diaphragm contracts and flattens during inhalation, increasing
thoracic volume and drawing air into the lungs.
────────────────────────────
8. Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?
A. Glucagon
B. Cortisol
C. Epinephrine
D. Insulin
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Insulin decreases blood glucose by promoting cellular uptake of
glucose. Glucagon raises blood glucose levels.
────────────────────────────
9. Which bone is classified as a long bone?
A. Sternum
B. Femur
C. Vertebra
, D. Patella
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The femur is a long bone. The sternum is a flat bone, vertebrae are
irregular bones, and the patella is a sesamoid bone.
────────────────────────────
10. The sinoatrial (SA) node functions as the heart’s:
A. Valve regulator
B. Blood reservoir
C. Natural pacemaker
D. Electrical insulator
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The SA node initiates electrical impulses that regulate heart rhythm,
making it the natural pacemaker.
────────────────────────────
11. Which electrolyte is most important for normal muscle contraction?
A. Iron
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Chloride
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Calcium is essential for muscle contraction by enabling actin and
myosin interaction. Potassium also contributes to excitability but is not the primary
trigger.
────────────────────────────
12. What is the main function of red blood cells?
A. Fight infection
B. Produce antibodies
C. Carry oxygen
D. Form blood clots
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Red blood cells transport oxygen using hemoglobin. White blood cells
fight infection, while platelets aid clotting.
────────────────────────────
13. Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into systemic circulation?
A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
C. Left atrium
D. Left ventricle
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta for systemic
circulation.
CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
1. Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?
A. Ribosome
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration. Ribosomes
synthesize proteins, lysosomes digest cellular waste, and the Golgi apparatus
modifies and packages proteins.
────────────────────────────
2. Which tissue type lines body cavities and covers body surfaces?
A. Connective tissue
B. Muscle tissue
C. Nervous tissue
D. Epithelial tissue
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Epithelial tissue forms protective coverings and linings throughout the
body. Connective tissue supports structures, muscle tissue contracts, and nervous
tissue transmits impulses.
────────────────────────────
3. The functional unit of the kidney is the:
A. Neuron
B. Alveolus
C. Nephron
D. Sarcomere
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The nephron filters blood and forms urine. Neurons are nerve cells,
alveoli are air sacs in the lungs, and sarcomeres are units of muscle contraction.
────────────────────────────
4. Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
A. Pulmonary artery
B. Superior vena cava
C. Aorta
D. Pulmonary vein
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Pulmonary veins transport oxygenated blood to the left atrium.
Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
────────────────────────────
, 5. A patient has difficulty digesting fats after gallbladder removal. Which substance is
directly affected?
A. Pepsin
B. Bile
C. Insulin
D. Amylase
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile, which emulsifies fats.
Pepsin digests proteins, insulin regulates glucose, and amylase digests carbohydrates.
────────────────────────────
6. Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for balance and coordination?
A. Cerebrum
B. Medulla oblongata
C. Cerebellum
D. Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The cerebellum coordinates movement and balance. The cerebrum
handles higher thinking, the medulla regulates vital functions, and the hypothalamus
maintains homeostasis.
────────────────────────────
7. During inhalation, the diaphragm:
A. Relaxes and moves upward
B. Contracts and flattens
C. Contracts and rises
D. Remains stationary
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The diaphragm contracts and flattens during inhalation, increasing
thoracic volume and drawing air into the lungs.
────────────────────────────
8. Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?
A. Glucagon
B. Cortisol
C. Epinephrine
D. Insulin
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Insulin decreases blood glucose by promoting cellular uptake of
glucose. Glucagon raises blood glucose levels.
────────────────────────────
9. Which bone is classified as a long bone?
A. Sternum
B. Femur
C. Vertebra
, D. Patella
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The femur is a long bone. The sternum is a flat bone, vertebrae are
irregular bones, and the patella is a sesamoid bone.
────────────────────────────
10. The sinoatrial (SA) node functions as the heart’s:
A. Valve regulator
B. Blood reservoir
C. Natural pacemaker
D. Electrical insulator
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The SA node initiates electrical impulses that regulate heart rhythm,
making it the natural pacemaker.
────────────────────────────
11. Which electrolyte is most important for normal muscle contraction?
A. Iron
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Chloride
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Calcium is essential for muscle contraction by enabling actin and
myosin interaction. Potassium also contributes to excitability but is not the primary
trigger.
────────────────────────────
12. What is the main function of red blood cells?
A. Fight infection
B. Produce antibodies
C. Carry oxygen
D. Form blood clots
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Red blood cells transport oxygen using hemoglobin. White blood cells
fight infection, while platelets aid clotting.
────────────────────────────
13. Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into systemic circulation?
A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
C. Left atrium
D. Left ventricle
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta for systemic
circulation.
