Pharmacology Final Exam: Reversal
Agents, Labs, Cardio, Pulmonary,
Pain, Endocrine, GI, Antimicrobials,
Oncology With Correct Answers &
Questions
Narcan (naloxone) - Answer--Opioid reversal
Romazicon (flumazenil) - Answer--Benzodiazepine reversal
Vitamin K - Answer--Warfarin (Coumadin) reversal
Protamine sulfate - Answer--Heparin & LMWH reversal
Atropine - Answer--Bradycardia / anticholinergic reversal
INR - Answer--2.0 - 3.5 (anticoagulation goal)
PTT - Answer--25 - 35 seconds (normal)
Phenytoin (Dilantin) - Answer--10 - 20 mcg/ml
Phenobarbital (Luminal) - Answer--10 - 40 mcg/ml
Carbamazepine (Tegretol) - Answer--4 - 12 mcg/ml
Theophylline - Answer--10 - 20 mcg/ml
Total Cholesterol - Answer--< 200 mg/dL
Triglycerides - Answer--< 150 mg/dL
LDL - Answer--< 120 mg/dL
HDL - Answer--> 50 (males), > 60 (females) mg/dL
HIV Viral Load (goal) - Answer--< 50 copies/ml
, CD4 Count (goal) - Answer--> 200 cells/mm3
ADME - Answer--Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
Agonist - Answer--Binds and stimulates response
Partial Agonist - Answer--Binds and stimulates but diminished response
Antagonist - Answer--Blocks receptor site
Idiosyncratic - Answer--Abnormal response (e.g., Benadryl → stimulation)
Additive - Answer--1 + 1 = 2 (can use ↓ dose with fewer side effects)
Synergistic - Answer--1 + 1 > 2 (combined effect > each drug alone)
Iatrogenic - Answer--Inadvertent adverse effect caused by treatment
Teratogenic - Answer--Causes structural fetal defect
8 Rights of Medication Administration - Answer--Patient, Time, Frequency, Drug,
Dose, Documentation, Route, Reason, Response
ACE Inhibitors - Answer--Blocks ACE → ↓ AT-II → ↓ vasoconstriction
Beta Blockers - Answer--Block β1/β2 receptors
Diuretics - Answer--Inhibit Na+/Cl- reabsorption in loop of Henle
Nitrates - Answer--Used for acute angina relief
Anticoagulants - Answer--Prevent blood clotting
Statins - Answer--↓ cholesterol synthesis
Beta-Agonist Bronchodilators - Answer--Stimulates β2 receptors → ↑ cAMP →
smooth muscle relaxation
Glucocorticoid Steroids - Answer--Potent anti-inflammatory: ↓ vascular permeability,
stabilizes leukocyte membranes, ↑ β-agonist responsiveness.
Systemic Side Effects of Glucocorticoids - Answer--Hyperglycemia, GI ulceration,
adrenocortical insufficiency, ↑ infection susceptibility, fluid/electrolyte imbalance,
osteoporosis, mood changes, insomnia.
Agents, Labs, Cardio, Pulmonary,
Pain, Endocrine, GI, Antimicrobials,
Oncology With Correct Answers &
Questions
Narcan (naloxone) - Answer--Opioid reversal
Romazicon (flumazenil) - Answer--Benzodiazepine reversal
Vitamin K - Answer--Warfarin (Coumadin) reversal
Protamine sulfate - Answer--Heparin & LMWH reversal
Atropine - Answer--Bradycardia / anticholinergic reversal
INR - Answer--2.0 - 3.5 (anticoagulation goal)
PTT - Answer--25 - 35 seconds (normal)
Phenytoin (Dilantin) - Answer--10 - 20 mcg/ml
Phenobarbital (Luminal) - Answer--10 - 40 mcg/ml
Carbamazepine (Tegretol) - Answer--4 - 12 mcg/ml
Theophylline - Answer--10 - 20 mcg/ml
Total Cholesterol - Answer--< 200 mg/dL
Triglycerides - Answer--< 150 mg/dL
LDL - Answer--< 120 mg/dL
HDL - Answer--> 50 (males), > 60 (females) mg/dL
HIV Viral Load (goal) - Answer--< 50 copies/ml
, CD4 Count (goal) - Answer--> 200 cells/mm3
ADME - Answer--Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
Agonist - Answer--Binds and stimulates response
Partial Agonist - Answer--Binds and stimulates but diminished response
Antagonist - Answer--Blocks receptor site
Idiosyncratic - Answer--Abnormal response (e.g., Benadryl → stimulation)
Additive - Answer--1 + 1 = 2 (can use ↓ dose with fewer side effects)
Synergistic - Answer--1 + 1 > 2 (combined effect > each drug alone)
Iatrogenic - Answer--Inadvertent adverse effect caused by treatment
Teratogenic - Answer--Causes structural fetal defect
8 Rights of Medication Administration - Answer--Patient, Time, Frequency, Drug,
Dose, Documentation, Route, Reason, Response
ACE Inhibitors - Answer--Blocks ACE → ↓ AT-II → ↓ vasoconstriction
Beta Blockers - Answer--Block β1/β2 receptors
Diuretics - Answer--Inhibit Na+/Cl- reabsorption in loop of Henle
Nitrates - Answer--Used for acute angina relief
Anticoagulants - Answer--Prevent blood clotting
Statins - Answer--↓ cholesterol synthesis
Beta-Agonist Bronchodilators - Answer--Stimulates β2 receptors → ↑ cAMP →
smooth muscle relaxation
Glucocorticoid Steroids - Answer--Potent anti-inflammatory: ↓ vascular permeability,
stabilizes leukocyte membranes, ↑ β-agonist responsiveness.
Systemic Side Effects of Glucocorticoids - Answer--Hyperglycemia, GI ulceration,
adrenocortical insufficiency, ↑ infection susceptibility, fluid/electrolyte imbalance,
osteoporosis, mood changes, insomnia.
