MBI 131 MIAMI UNIVERSITY EXAM 1 2026 TEST
PAPER PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
COMPREHENSIVE SOLUTION SET
◉ Primary Prevention of unintentional injury. Answer: Primary
prevention strategies for unintentional injuries are well-developed:
Safety education to help people protect themselves and others
Regulations and laws to control people's behavior
-Seatbelt laws
-Speed limits, stop signs, etc
-Drunk driving laws
-Pedestrian laws
Automatic protection
-Child-resistant caps on drugs, cleaning products, etc
-Air bags
-Improved car structure
-Improved road design
-Circuit breakers built into electrical outlets and small appliances
,-Automatic shutoff of power tools, lawn mowers, etc
Litigation
-Lawsuits to induce changes in products and behaviors
◉ Why are safety laws sometimes constroversial. Answer: Tension
occurs between advocates of safety and advocates of personal
freedom
◉ Secondary and tertiary prevention of unintentional injury.
Answer: Secondary prevention
-Emergency medical care
Tertiary prevention
-Rehabilitation
◉ Define non-infectious disease. Answer: Disruption of a tissue or
organ caused by agents other than microbes or microbial products
◉ Why are non-infectious diseases important to community health.
Answer: Leading causes of death in U.S. & many other countries
In US, 2015
,Heart diseases (#1)
Cancer (#2)
Chronic lower respiratory diseases (#4)
Cerebrovascular disease (#5)
Alzheimer's Disease (#6)
Diabetes (#7)
Kidney diseases (#9)
Significant illness burden
-Many non-infectious diseases are chronic
---Some are life-long
-Risk of many non-infectious diseases increases with age
---Aging of the population leads to increased burden
-Certain non-infectious diseases are risk factors for other diseases
---Compounds the burden
Economic costs
-Lost productivity (often over many years)
-Prevention measures/programs
, -Health care costs
---Amplified by chronic nature of these diseases
---Some non-infectious diseases require long-term in patient and/or
nursing care
-Some non-infectious diseases cause long term disabilities
◉ How do we model the causation of non-infectious diseases.
Answer: Multicausation Model & Web of Causation
-Most non-infectious diseases involve multiple risk factors
Complications in modeling
-Role of a given risk factor in a disease process may not be
understood
-Undiscovered risk factors may exist
◉ picture of multicausation model. Answer:
◉ picture of the web of causation model. Answer:
PAPER PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
COMPREHENSIVE SOLUTION SET
◉ Primary Prevention of unintentional injury. Answer: Primary
prevention strategies for unintentional injuries are well-developed:
Safety education to help people protect themselves and others
Regulations and laws to control people's behavior
-Seatbelt laws
-Speed limits, stop signs, etc
-Drunk driving laws
-Pedestrian laws
Automatic protection
-Child-resistant caps on drugs, cleaning products, etc
-Air bags
-Improved car structure
-Improved road design
-Circuit breakers built into electrical outlets and small appliances
,-Automatic shutoff of power tools, lawn mowers, etc
Litigation
-Lawsuits to induce changes in products and behaviors
◉ Why are safety laws sometimes constroversial. Answer: Tension
occurs between advocates of safety and advocates of personal
freedom
◉ Secondary and tertiary prevention of unintentional injury.
Answer: Secondary prevention
-Emergency medical care
Tertiary prevention
-Rehabilitation
◉ Define non-infectious disease. Answer: Disruption of a tissue or
organ caused by agents other than microbes or microbial products
◉ Why are non-infectious diseases important to community health.
Answer: Leading causes of death in U.S. & many other countries
In US, 2015
,Heart diseases (#1)
Cancer (#2)
Chronic lower respiratory diseases (#4)
Cerebrovascular disease (#5)
Alzheimer's Disease (#6)
Diabetes (#7)
Kidney diseases (#9)
Significant illness burden
-Many non-infectious diseases are chronic
---Some are life-long
-Risk of many non-infectious diseases increases with age
---Aging of the population leads to increased burden
-Certain non-infectious diseases are risk factors for other diseases
---Compounds the burden
Economic costs
-Lost productivity (often over many years)
-Prevention measures/programs
, -Health care costs
---Amplified by chronic nature of these diseases
---Some non-infectious diseases require long-term in patient and/or
nursing care
-Some non-infectious diseases cause long term disabilities
◉ How do we model the causation of non-infectious diseases.
Answer: Multicausation Model & Web of Causation
-Most non-infectious diseases involve multiple risk factors
Complications in modeling
-Role of a given risk factor in a disease process may not be
understood
-Undiscovered risk factors may exist
◉ picture of multicausation model. Answer:
◉ picture of the web of causation model. Answer:
