NREMT STUDY GUIDE TEST BANK
450+ Questions and Answers
1. Where does gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occur?
a. larynx
b. bronchioles
c. alveoli
d. main stem bronchi: Alveoli
The alveoli are where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process
of breathing in and breathing out. Oxygen breathed in from the air passes through the alveoli and into
the blood and travels to the tissues throughout the body.
2. What is the primary role of the epiglottis?
a. bringing oxygen into circulation
b. aids in food digestion
c. assist air flow to the larynx
d. prevent aspiration while eating: Prevent aspiration while eating
The main job of the epiglottis is to close over the trachea while you're eating to prevent food entering your
airway.
3. What is the PRIMARY role of the mediastinum?
,a. Protects vital structures of the chest
b. Protects your diaphragm from collapse
c. Protects your lungs from collapse
d. Surrounds the heart's four chambers: protects vital structures of the chest
The mediastinum protects many vital structures including the heart, large vessels, the trachea, and critical
nerves.
4. You respond to a 8 year old male who states he is having
trouble breathing. His respiratory rate is 44 breaths/min and you
notice accessory muscle use on exam. You can hear an audible
wheeze present. What should your initial step be?
a. Start BVM ventilations
b. Attempt a head tilt-chin lift
c. Obtain his oxygen saturation
d. Gather a SAMPLE history: Obtain his oxygen saturation
This patient is able to speak so the airway is patent, we don't have any oxygen data so we need that
before we can go ahead with oxygen administration. This will give the final piece of info to start
assessing his current status.
5. You are called to the home of a 4 year old female patient. The
patient has a persistent "barking cough" and has stridor on exam.
The mother tells you that this has gotten worse over the last few
,nights, until tonight she had a "hard time" breathing. What do
you suspect?
a. Asthma Exacerbation
b. Bronchiolitis
c. Epiglottitis
d. Croup: Croup
Remember the keys for croup, barking cough, stridor, gradual onset, typically seen in young children.
Epiglottitis can occur at any age and has drooling, painful swallowing, stridor and a more rapid onset,
no barking cough.
6. From the list below name three action steps you can take to help
patients with croup or epiglottitis. (Pick 3)
a. Keep oxygen saturation above 94%
b. Keep the patient calm
c. Begin CPR if the patient has a pulse less than 100
d. Begin bag valve mask ventilations with rapid transport
e. Use blow-by oxygen
f. Immediately begin non-rebreather mask at 15LPM: a. keep oxygen saturation
above 94%
b. keep patient calm
e. use blow-by oxygen
7. You are about to place an airway adjunct into your patient.
, Which situation would you NOT place a nasopharyngeal airway?
a. A semiconscious child who just had a seizure
b. A patient with ecchymosis behind one ear
c. An unconscious patient with an intact gag reflex
d. An semiconscious adult who cannot maintain their own airway: a
patient with ecchymosis behind one ear
Bruising behind one ear is known as the "Battle sign" and an indication of a basilar skull fracture,
which is a severe head injury. Use of a nasopharyngeal airway with severe head injuries is
contraindicated.
8. You are transporting a 53 year-old male who complains of
shortness of breath, dizziness, numbness in his hands, and a dry
mouth. His vital signs are: blood pressure 118/80 mmHg, HR 120, RR
of 32, SpO2 99%, and ETCO2 of 26 mmHg. What do you suspect?
a. Hypokalemia
b. Hypoventilation syndrome
c. Pneumothorax
d. Hyperventilation syndrome: Hyperventilation syndrome
This patient is hyperventilating as demonstrated by his increased respiratory rate and low end-tidal
reading levels. A high respiratory rate increases the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled, accounting for
the low end-tidal reading. His heart rate is also a little elevated, possibly due to anxiety.
9. A 78 year old female is found lying on her bathroom floor
450+ Questions and Answers
1. Where does gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occur?
a. larynx
b. bronchioles
c. alveoli
d. main stem bronchi: Alveoli
The alveoli are where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process
of breathing in and breathing out. Oxygen breathed in from the air passes through the alveoli and into
the blood and travels to the tissues throughout the body.
2. What is the primary role of the epiglottis?
a. bringing oxygen into circulation
b. aids in food digestion
c. assist air flow to the larynx
d. prevent aspiration while eating: Prevent aspiration while eating
The main job of the epiglottis is to close over the trachea while you're eating to prevent food entering your
airway.
3. What is the PRIMARY role of the mediastinum?
,a. Protects vital structures of the chest
b. Protects your diaphragm from collapse
c. Protects your lungs from collapse
d. Surrounds the heart's four chambers: protects vital structures of the chest
The mediastinum protects many vital structures including the heart, large vessels, the trachea, and critical
nerves.
4. You respond to a 8 year old male who states he is having
trouble breathing. His respiratory rate is 44 breaths/min and you
notice accessory muscle use on exam. You can hear an audible
wheeze present. What should your initial step be?
a. Start BVM ventilations
b. Attempt a head tilt-chin lift
c. Obtain his oxygen saturation
d. Gather a SAMPLE history: Obtain his oxygen saturation
This patient is able to speak so the airway is patent, we don't have any oxygen data so we need that
before we can go ahead with oxygen administration. This will give the final piece of info to start
assessing his current status.
5. You are called to the home of a 4 year old female patient. The
patient has a persistent "barking cough" and has stridor on exam.
The mother tells you that this has gotten worse over the last few
,nights, until tonight she had a "hard time" breathing. What do
you suspect?
a. Asthma Exacerbation
b. Bronchiolitis
c. Epiglottitis
d. Croup: Croup
Remember the keys for croup, barking cough, stridor, gradual onset, typically seen in young children.
Epiglottitis can occur at any age and has drooling, painful swallowing, stridor and a more rapid onset,
no barking cough.
6. From the list below name three action steps you can take to help
patients with croup or epiglottitis. (Pick 3)
a. Keep oxygen saturation above 94%
b. Keep the patient calm
c. Begin CPR if the patient has a pulse less than 100
d. Begin bag valve mask ventilations with rapid transport
e. Use blow-by oxygen
f. Immediately begin non-rebreather mask at 15LPM: a. keep oxygen saturation
above 94%
b. keep patient calm
e. use blow-by oxygen
7. You are about to place an airway adjunct into your patient.
, Which situation would you NOT place a nasopharyngeal airway?
a. A semiconscious child who just had a seizure
b. A patient with ecchymosis behind one ear
c. An unconscious patient with an intact gag reflex
d. An semiconscious adult who cannot maintain their own airway: a
patient with ecchymosis behind one ear
Bruising behind one ear is known as the "Battle sign" and an indication of a basilar skull fracture,
which is a severe head injury. Use of a nasopharyngeal airway with severe head injuries is
contraindicated.
8. You are transporting a 53 year-old male who complains of
shortness of breath, dizziness, numbness in his hands, and a dry
mouth. His vital signs are: blood pressure 118/80 mmHg, HR 120, RR
of 32, SpO2 99%, and ETCO2 of 26 mmHg. What do you suspect?
a. Hypokalemia
b. Hypoventilation syndrome
c. Pneumothorax
d. Hyperventilation syndrome: Hyperventilation syndrome
This patient is hyperventilating as demonstrated by his increased respiratory rate and low end-tidal
reading levels. A high respiratory rate increases the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled, accounting for
the low end-tidal reading. His heart rate is also a little elevated, possibly due to anxiety.
9. A 78 year old female is found lying on her bathroom floor
