NREMT ADVANCED EMT STUDY GUIDE
Questions and Answers
1. Initial Assessment: B-SMNAC: - BSI (body substance isolation);
-Scene Safety;
-Mechanism of Injury (MOI)/Nature of Illness (NOI);
-Number of Patients;
-Assistance (additional units, Fire, Police, etc.);
-C-spine (and/or C-collar)
2. Initial Assessment: G-CAAT: - General Impression;
-Chief Complaints, Life Threats (hemorrhage);
-AVPU;
-ABC's (airway, breathing, circulation);
-Transport Decision (Load and Go or Stay and Play)
3. Components of General Impression: ASSS-FLOP-VD:
-Apparent state of health;
-Skin color, obvious lesions;
-Signs of distress;
-Sexual development;
-Facial expressions;
,-Level of consciousness;
-Odors;
-Posture, Motor, Gait;
-Vital statistics;
-Dress, Grooming, Hygiene
4. Components of AVPU: - Alert;
-responds to Verbal stimuli;
-responds to Painful stimuli;
-Unresponsive
5. Secondary Assessment: OPQRST-I: especially for Respiratory and Cardiac patients:
-Onset;
-Provocation/Palliation;
-Quality;
-Radiation;
-Scale/Severity;
-Time;
-Interventions
6. What is OPQRST?: a mnemonic for remembering the questions to ask when assessing the
patient's chief complaint or major symptoms
,7. Onset: - When and how did the symptom begin?
-Ask the patient if the onset was sudden or gradual.
-Also determine if the onset was associated with a particular activity.
8. Provocation/palliation:: - What makes the symptom worse?
-What makes the symptom better?
9. Quality: How would you describe the pain?
10. Radiation: - Where do you feel the pain?;
-Where does the pain go?
11. Scale/Severity: - On a scale from 0 to 10, with 10 being the worst.
-How bad is the symptom?
12. Time: - Determine if the symptom has been present for minutes, hours, days, weeks, months,
or years;
-The length of time the symptoms are present is important to document
13. Secondary Assessment: SAMPLE: - Signs and Symptoms (history of present
issues);
-Allergies;
-Medications;
-Past Medical History, Pertinent Negatives;
, -Last Oral Intake;
-Events (leading to present: trauma or medical)
14. Secondary Assessment: V-FITD: - Vital Signs, baseline (VS);
-Focused Physical Exam (performed);
-Interventions (RX's per medical direction, etc.);
-Transport (re-evaluate decision);
-Detailed Physical Exam (verbalized);
15. Order of Initial Assessment: - B-SMNAC;
-G-CAAT;
16. Order of Secondary Assessment: - OPQRST-I;
-SAMPLE;
-V-FITD
Questions and Answers
1. Initial Assessment: B-SMNAC: - BSI (body substance isolation);
-Scene Safety;
-Mechanism of Injury (MOI)/Nature of Illness (NOI);
-Number of Patients;
-Assistance (additional units, Fire, Police, etc.);
-C-spine (and/or C-collar)
2. Initial Assessment: G-CAAT: - General Impression;
-Chief Complaints, Life Threats (hemorrhage);
-AVPU;
-ABC's (airway, breathing, circulation);
-Transport Decision (Load and Go or Stay and Play)
3. Components of General Impression: ASSS-FLOP-VD:
-Apparent state of health;
-Skin color, obvious lesions;
-Signs of distress;
-Sexual development;
-Facial expressions;
,-Level of consciousness;
-Odors;
-Posture, Motor, Gait;
-Vital statistics;
-Dress, Grooming, Hygiene
4. Components of AVPU: - Alert;
-responds to Verbal stimuli;
-responds to Painful stimuli;
-Unresponsive
5. Secondary Assessment: OPQRST-I: especially for Respiratory and Cardiac patients:
-Onset;
-Provocation/Palliation;
-Quality;
-Radiation;
-Scale/Severity;
-Time;
-Interventions
6. What is OPQRST?: a mnemonic for remembering the questions to ask when assessing the
patient's chief complaint or major symptoms
,7. Onset: - When and how did the symptom begin?
-Ask the patient if the onset was sudden or gradual.
-Also determine if the onset was associated with a particular activity.
8. Provocation/palliation:: - What makes the symptom worse?
-What makes the symptom better?
9. Quality: How would you describe the pain?
10. Radiation: - Where do you feel the pain?;
-Where does the pain go?
11. Scale/Severity: - On a scale from 0 to 10, with 10 being the worst.
-How bad is the symptom?
12. Time: - Determine if the symptom has been present for minutes, hours, days, weeks, months,
or years;
-The length of time the symptoms are present is important to document
13. Secondary Assessment: SAMPLE: - Signs and Symptoms (history of present
issues);
-Allergies;
-Medications;
-Past Medical History, Pertinent Negatives;
, -Last Oral Intake;
-Events (leading to present: trauma or medical)
14. Secondary Assessment: V-FITD: - Vital Signs, baseline (VS);
-Focused Physical Exam (performed);
-Interventions (RX's per medical direction, etc.);
-Transport (re-evaluate decision);
-Detailed Physical Exam (verbalized);
15. Order of Initial Assessment: - B-SMNAC;
-G-CAAT;
16. Order of Secondary Assessment: - OPQRST-I;
-SAMPLE;
-V-FITD
