ESS 101 B Lab 5 Quiz: Sedimentary Rocks Questions and Answers | Latest Updated 2026/2027 | Solved 100% Correct

ESS 101 B Lab 5 Quiz: Sedimentary Rocks Questions and Answers | Latest Updated 2026/2027 | Solved 100% Correct Section 1: Weathering Weathering is a family of rock breakdown processes that occur at ornear the earth's surface. Mechanical weathering (also called physical weathering) is when rock physically breaks into smaller pieces. Chemical weathering is when chemical reactions, such as oxidation or hydrolysis, dissolve or alter minerals. Mechanical Weathering Mechanical weathering (also called physical weathering) is when rock physically breaks into smaller pieces. Plate tectonics and gravity forces cause igneous rocks to crack and break. Gravity then pulls fragments downhillon slopes and in rivers, leading to rock-on-rock collisions and rock fragmentation. Mechanical weathering in often facilitated by the action of water. Chemical Weathering Chemical weathering transforms existing minerals into new minerals, and releases ions into the environment. For example, the hydrolysis reaction CaAl2Si2O8 + H2CO3 + 202 → Al2Si2O5(OH)4 + Ca2*+ CO3 turns plagioclase into kaolinite, a clay mineral. Kaolinite lacks calcium in its structure, so the leftover calciumfrom plagioclase enters surface waters as a Ca2* ion. Note that K-feldspar and Na Plagioclase can also weather to produce kaolinite clay. Think about what ions willbe dissolved and enter surface waters when these minerals weather. Question 1 1.25/1.25 pts Identify the eight minerals commonly found in sedimentary rocks displayed on the following page. You have identified allof these minerals in Lab 3B. Refer to your mineral identification charts (Appendices A-1 ( ( ( diagnostic properties of sedimentary rock-forming minerals (Table 5-2). Watch this video to see how M3 reacts with HCI. 0:00 Mineral 1 Mineral 2 Mineral 3 Mineral 4 halite v orthoclase calcite quartz v Mineral 5 muscovite V Question 2 1/1 pts Use the following diagnostic properties to identify Mineral 6 (pictured below),a mineral commonly found in sedimentary rocks. Refer to your mineral identification charts (Appendices A-1 ( ( ( A-2 and A-3 ) and the diagnostic properties of sedimentary rock-forming minerals (Table 5-2). Luster What is the luster of this mineral? vitreous Streak This mineral has a white streak. Hardness 0:00 Watch the above video to see a hardness test for M6. Can you scratch this mineral with your fingernail? yes Cleavage vs Fracture M6 This mineral often breaks down into individual sheets. How many directions of perfect cleavage does this mineral have? 1 This mineral is gypsum. Answer 1: vitreous Answer 2: yes Answer 3: 1 Answer 4: gypsum Question 3 1/1 pts Different minerals weather and break down at different rates depending on how stable or reactive they are at the surface of the