OpenStax Biology 2e Instructor Answer Guide
Biology 2e
Unit 7: Animal Structure and Function
Chapter 41: Osmotic Regulation and Excretion
Visual Connection Questions
1. Which of the following statements about the kidney is false?
c. The cortex covers the capsule.
2. Which of the following statements about the nephron is false?
a. The collecting duct empties into the distal convoluted tubule.
, OpenStax Biology 2e Instructor Answer Guide
3. Loop diuretics are drugs sometimes used to treat hypertension. These drugs inhibit the
reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- ions by the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. A side effect is that
they increase urination. Why do you think this is the case?
Loop diuretics decrease the excretion of salt into the renal medulla, thereby reducing its
osmolality. As a result, less water is excreted into the medulla by the descending limb, and
more water is excreted as urine.
Review Questions
4. When a dehydrated human patient needs to be given fluids intravenously, he or she is given:
b. saline at a concentration that is isotonic with respect to body fluids
5. The sodium ion is at the highest concentration in:
b. extracellular fluid
6. Cells in a hypertonic solution tend to:
a. shrink due to water loss
7. The macula densa is/are:
c. cells present in the DCT and collecting tubules.
8. The osmolarity of body fluids is maintained at ________.
b. 300 mOsm
Biology 2e
Unit 7: Animal Structure and Function
Chapter 41: Osmotic Regulation and Excretion
Visual Connection Questions
1. Which of the following statements about the kidney is false?
c. The cortex covers the capsule.
2. Which of the following statements about the nephron is false?
a. The collecting duct empties into the distal convoluted tubule.
, OpenStax Biology 2e Instructor Answer Guide
3. Loop diuretics are drugs sometimes used to treat hypertension. These drugs inhibit the
reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- ions by the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. A side effect is that
they increase urination. Why do you think this is the case?
Loop diuretics decrease the excretion of salt into the renal medulla, thereby reducing its
osmolality. As a result, less water is excreted into the medulla by the descending limb, and
more water is excreted as urine.
Review Questions
4. When a dehydrated human patient needs to be given fluids intravenously, he or she is given:
b. saline at a concentration that is isotonic with respect to body fluids
5. The sodium ion is at the highest concentration in:
b. extracellular fluid
6. Cells in a hypertonic solution tend to:
a. shrink due to water loss
7. The macula densa is/are:
c. cells present in the DCT and collecting tubules.
8. The osmolarity of body fluids is maintained at ________.
b. 300 mOsm
