biology final review 2
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1. Binomial Nomencalture Two name scientific naming system
2. Evolution Scientific theory of how modern organ-
isms evolved over long periods of time
through decent from common ancestors
3. Adaption heritable characteristic that increases an
organisms ability to survive and repro-
duce
4. Fitness How well an organism can survive and
reproduce
5. Fossil A trace of an ancient organism that has
been preserved in rock.
6. How do you know if two organ- If they have the same common ancestor
isms are members of the same
species?
7. What is speciation? splitting of one species to produce new
species
8. What is this diagram to the right cladogram
called
9. Describe how to interpret this di- From A all the way up to D shows what
agram characteristics evolved and what ani-
mals are under those categories
10. Which characteristics do ferns, All have vascular tissue
conifers, and flowering plants all
share that mosses do not?
11. What is the difference between Micro:Small changes within a species
microevolution and macroevolu- over several generations
tion? Give an example of each. Example: Antibiotic resistance to bacte-
ria
Macro:Large Changes within a species
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over long periods of time where new
species are eventually formed
Example:Speciation
12. Lamarack formed an early evo- Hypothesis: Organisms can change
lutionary hypothesis. Explain over their lifetime by selectively using
Lamarack's ideas about evolu- or not using various parts of their body/
tion. Give an example. A Giraffe's neck would grow longer by
continuously stretching to reach higher
leaves on a tree.
Example: If you/I were to continue to
stretch my tongue out to touch your/my
nose then over time my tongue would
stretch out long enough to do so with
continuous actions of attempting to
touch it.
13. Explain Darwin's theory of evo- Theory/Hypothesis: Giraffes with short
lution by natural selection. What necks would starve and die and therefor
does it mean when the phrase not reproduce to pass on the short trait.
"survival of the fittest" is used Giraffes with long necks would live to
when describing his theory? reproduce the favorable trait (describing
survival of the fittest)
14. Describe some conditions found characteristics special to that popula-
in populations while they are go- tion will be carried down for generations
ing through the process of natur- good and bad, the bad characteristics in
al selection. that population will die off until that char-
acteristic isn't able to be passed down.
15. Compare and contrast the three Homologous:Body parts that have SIM-
types of structures (homolo- ILAR STRUCTURE, but NOT FUNC-
gous, analogous, vestigial) that TION/ common ancestry
are used in the study of evolution Example:Bones in a frog limb are simi-
of animals. lar to the bones in a bat wing, but one
is used for swimming?hopping and the
other is for flying
Analogous structures:Body parts that
, biology final review 2
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share a COMMON FUNCTION, but
NOT STRUCTURE
Example:Bird wing and butterfly wing
are both for flying, but one is made of
bone and the other exoskeleton
Vestigial:Structures that is inherited
from ancestors but has lost much or all
of its original function
Example: Human appendix or hip bone
in whales
All of these are used in the discussion of
evolution of animals when talking about
traits carried down from common ances-
tors
16. What is artificial selection? Give Selective breeding of plants and ani-
an example. mals to promote the occurrence of de-
sirable traits in offspring Nature provides
the variations, and humans select those
they find useful
Example: farmers selectively breeding
only cows that produce the most milk
17. Given the following DNA se- Pan troglodytes (Chimpanzee)
quences, which of the following
organisms is the closest relative
to humans
18. How do you know this is the clos- From the following DNA sequences, its
est relative? the most similar to a humans DNA.
19. Why do scientist now prefer this Its a lot easier
method of figuring evolutionary
relationships?
20. Autotroph/producer An organism that makes its own food/en-
ergy
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_facy0l
1. Binomial Nomencalture Two name scientific naming system
2. Evolution Scientific theory of how modern organ-
isms evolved over long periods of time
through decent from common ancestors
3. Adaption heritable characteristic that increases an
organisms ability to survive and repro-
duce
4. Fitness How well an organism can survive and
reproduce
5. Fossil A trace of an ancient organism that has
been preserved in rock.
6. How do you know if two organ- If they have the same common ancestor
isms are members of the same
species?
7. What is speciation? splitting of one species to produce new
species
8. What is this diagram to the right cladogram
called
9. Describe how to interpret this di- From A all the way up to D shows what
agram characteristics evolved and what ani-
mals are under those categories
10. Which characteristics do ferns, All have vascular tissue
conifers, and flowering plants all
share that mosses do not?
11. What is the difference between Micro:Small changes within a species
microevolution and macroevolu- over several generations
tion? Give an example of each. Example: Antibiotic resistance to bacte-
ria
Macro:Large Changes within a species
, biology final review 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_facy0l
over long periods of time where new
species are eventually formed
Example:Speciation
12. Lamarack formed an early evo- Hypothesis: Organisms can change
lutionary hypothesis. Explain over their lifetime by selectively using
Lamarack's ideas about evolu- or not using various parts of their body/
tion. Give an example. A Giraffe's neck would grow longer by
continuously stretching to reach higher
leaves on a tree.
Example: If you/I were to continue to
stretch my tongue out to touch your/my
nose then over time my tongue would
stretch out long enough to do so with
continuous actions of attempting to
touch it.
13. Explain Darwin's theory of evo- Theory/Hypothesis: Giraffes with short
lution by natural selection. What necks would starve and die and therefor
does it mean when the phrase not reproduce to pass on the short trait.
"survival of the fittest" is used Giraffes with long necks would live to
when describing his theory? reproduce the favorable trait (describing
survival of the fittest)
14. Describe some conditions found characteristics special to that popula-
in populations while they are go- tion will be carried down for generations
ing through the process of natur- good and bad, the bad characteristics in
al selection. that population will die off until that char-
acteristic isn't able to be passed down.
15. Compare and contrast the three Homologous:Body parts that have SIM-
types of structures (homolo- ILAR STRUCTURE, but NOT FUNC-
gous, analogous, vestigial) that TION/ common ancestry
are used in the study of evolution Example:Bones in a frog limb are simi-
of animals. lar to the bones in a bat wing, but one
is used for swimming?hopping and the
other is for flying
Analogous structures:Body parts that
, biology final review 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_facy0l
share a COMMON FUNCTION, but
NOT STRUCTURE
Example:Bird wing and butterfly wing
are both for flying, but one is made of
bone and the other exoskeleton
Vestigial:Structures that is inherited
from ancestors but has lost much or all
of its original function
Example: Human appendix or hip bone
in whales
All of these are used in the discussion of
evolution of animals when talking about
traits carried down from common ances-
tors
16. What is artificial selection? Give Selective breeding of plants and ani-
an example. mals to promote the occurrence of de-
sirable traits in offspring Nature provides
the variations, and humans select those
they find useful
Example: farmers selectively breeding
only cows that produce the most milk
17. Given the following DNA se- Pan troglodytes (Chimpanzee)
quences, which of the following
organisms is the closest relative
to humans
18. How do you know this is the clos- From the following DNA sequences, its
est relative? the most similar to a humans DNA.
19. Why do scientist now prefer this Its a lot easier
method of figuring evolutionary
relationships?
20. Autotroph/producer An organism that makes its own food/en-
ergy
