Biology 1320 Midterm - UPEI Kemp
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fgrjqa
1. prokaryote a single celled organism that has
neither a distinct nucleus with a
membrane or other specialized or-
ganelles. prokaryotes include bacte-
ria and cyanobacteria
2. eukaryotes an organism consisting of a cell or
cells in which the genetic material
is DNA in the form of chromosomes
contained within a distinct nucleus.
Eukaryotes include all living organ-
isms except eubacteria and archae-
bacteria
3. archaebacteria microorganisms that are similar to
bacteria in size and simplicity of
structure, but radically different in
molecular organization. now be-
lieved to constitute an ancient inter-
mediate group between the bacteria
and eukaryotes
4. eubacteria a bacterium of a large group typi-
cally having simple cells with rigid
cell walls, and often flagella for
movement. the group comprises of
the "true" bacteria and cyanobacte-
ria, as distinct from archaebacteria.
found mainly in intestines of verte-
brates and in soil.
5. Mycoplasms any group of small parasitic bacteria
that lack cell walls and sometimes
cause disease
6. hierarchy any system of persons or things
ranked one above the other; groups
in groups
1. biosphere
, Biology 1320 Midterm - UPEI Kemp
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fgrjqa
2. ecosystems and biomes
3. communities
4. populatiokns
5. organisms
6. organs and systems
7. tissues
8. cells
9. organelles
10. molecules
new properties emerge at each level
7. hierarchical structure groups nested within groups
8. hypothesis Science: an explanation that can be
tested and falsified
non-science: an assumption or
guess
9. speculation conclusion based on thinking about
a subject. in science, we frame a
question, test it, and are ready to
abandon it.
10. theory science: broad explanation support-
ed by a huge body of evidence
non-science: speculation
11. evolution the change in genetic composition of
a population over time
12. earth and solar system originated... ~4.6 b.y.a.
13. early earth conditions (atmosphere atmosphere: water vapour, volcanic
and water temp, presence of organ- gases, methane, CO2, H2S, N2
isms) water temp: very hot - 40-60ÚC
Lab experts produced organic mol-
ecules that eventually formed re-
producing molecules in these types
of conditions... therefore we specu-
late that organic molecules formed,
, Biology 1320 Midterm - UPEI Kemp
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fgrjqa
eventually forming reproducing mol-
ecules
14. fossils -evidence of past life
-most in sedimentary rock
-older fossils are in older rock layers
-position says one is older than other
15. dating fossils - radiometric dating based on decay time for radioactive
isotopes
16. origin of earth - clock analogy 1. origin of earth and solar system
~4.6 b.y.a
2. prokaryotes (orange)
-first fossils 3.5 b.y.a: e.g. bacterial
mats (stromatolites)
-likely appeared 3.9 b.y.a
3. the oxygen revolution (pink)
-O2 waste products from photosyn-
thetic organisms filled the water and
was released into the atmosphere.
-new atmosphere toxic to organisms
- changing environment - organisms
went extinct, found anaerobic habi-
tats, or adapted (cellular respiration)
4. evolution of eukaryotes (unicellu-
lar - grey)
-oldest fossils ~2.1 b.y.a
-endosymbiotic origin of eukaryotes
(hypothesis)
a) infolding of membrane
i) Golgi apparatus
ii) endoplasmic reticulum
b) ancestral prokaryote engulfs an-
other prokaryote
i) aerobic cell - mitochondria
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fgrjqa
1. prokaryote a single celled organism that has
neither a distinct nucleus with a
membrane or other specialized or-
ganelles. prokaryotes include bacte-
ria and cyanobacteria
2. eukaryotes an organism consisting of a cell or
cells in which the genetic material
is DNA in the form of chromosomes
contained within a distinct nucleus.
Eukaryotes include all living organ-
isms except eubacteria and archae-
bacteria
3. archaebacteria microorganisms that are similar to
bacteria in size and simplicity of
structure, but radically different in
molecular organization. now be-
lieved to constitute an ancient inter-
mediate group between the bacteria
and eukaryotes
4. eubacteria a bacterium of a large group typi-
cally having simple cells with rigid
cell walls, and often flagella for
movement. the group comprises of
the "true" bacteria and cyanobacte-
ria, as distinct from archaebacteria.
found mainly in intestines of verte-
brates and in soil.
5. Mycoplasms any group of small parasitic bacteria
that lack cell walls and sometimes
cause disease
6. hierarchy any system of persons or things
ranked one above the other; groups
in groups
1. biosphere
, Biology 1320 Midterm - UPEI Kemp
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fgrjqa
2. ecosystems and biomes
3. communities
4. populatiokns
5. organisms
6. organs and systems
7. tissues
8. cells
9. organelles
10. molecules
new properties emerge at each level
7. hierarchical structure groups nested within groups
8. hypothesis Science: an explanation that can be
tested and falsified
non-science: an assumption or
guess
9. speculation conclusion based on thinking about
a subject. in science, we frame a
question, test it, and are ready to
abandon it.
10. theory science: broad explanation support-
ed by a huge body of evidence
non-science: speculation
11. evolution the change in genetic composition of
a population over time
12. earth and solar system originated... ~4.6 b.y.a.
13. early earth conditions (atmosphere atmosphere: water vapour, volcanic
and water temp, presence of organ- gases, methane, CO2, H2S, N2
isms) water temp: very hot - 40-60ÚC
Lab experts produced organic mol-
ecules that eventually formed re-
producing molecules in these types
of conditions... therefore we specu-
late that organic molecules formed,
, Biology 1320 Midterm - UPEI Kemp
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fgrjqa
eventually forming reproducing mol-
ecules
14. fossils -evidence of past life
-most in sedimentary rock
-older fossils are in older rock layers
-position says one is older than other
15. dating fossils - radiometric dating based on decay time for radioactive
isotopes
16. origin of earth - clock analogy 1. origin of earth and solar system
~4.6 b.y.a
2. prokaryotes (orange)
-first fossils 3.5 b.y.a: e.g. bacterial
mats (stromatolites)
-likely appeared 3.9 b.y.a
3. the oxygen revolution (pink)
-O2 waste products from photosyn-
thetic organisms filled the water and
was released into the atmosphere.
-new atmosphere toxic to organisms
- changing environment - organisms
went extinct, found anaerobic habi-
tats, or adapted (cellular respiration)
4. evolution of eukaryotes (unicellu-
lar - grey)
-oldest fossils ~2.1 b.y.a
-endosymbiotic origin of eukaryotes
(hypothesis)
a) infolding of membrane
i) Golgi apparatus
ii) endoplasmic reticulum
b) ancestral prokaryote engulfs an-
other prokaryote
i) aerobic cell - mitochondria
