MTTC Biology Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fss0t9
1. hyphae filaments composed of tubular walls surrounding plasma
membranes & cytoplasm - component of most fungi
2. Batesian mimic- when a harmless species mimics characteristics of a
ry harmful species to deter predators
3. Okazaki frag- created during DNA replication of lagging strand, then
ments joined (ligated) by DNA ligase
4. DNA polymerase enzyme that catalyzes elongation of new DNA at replica-
tion fork by adding nucleotides to growing DNA strand
5. nucleoside nucleotides that are added to elongating DNA strand;
triphosphate contain 3 phosphate groups, 2 of which are lost then
hydrolyzed for energy to drive polymerization reaction
6. triglyceride lipid macromolecule formed of glycerol and 3 fatty acid
chains; whether fat is saturated (solid @ room temp) or
unsaturated (liquid @ room temp) depends on shape of
fatty acid tail
7. steroid lipid macromolecule formed of four carbon rings, include
cholesterol and many vertebrate sex hormones
8. polypeptide polymer of amino acids connected in sequence; a protein
consists of one or more polypeptide chains
9. mRNA carries information specifying amino acid sequences of
proteins from DNA to ribosomes
10. tRNA serves as adapter molecule in protein synthesis; trans-
lates mRNA codons into amino acids
11. rRNA plays catalytic (ribosome) roles and structural roles in
ribosomes
12. primary tran- precursor to mRNA, rRNA, or tRNA and may be processed
script by splicing or cleavage; commonly contains introns that
are spliced out during processing
1/7
, MTTC Biology Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fss0t9
13. phloem plant tissue that transports solutions of nutrients and car-
bohydrates
14. xylem plant tissue that transports water
15. apoptosis programmed cell death
16. necrosis traumatic cell death due to cellular injury
17. cDNA synthesized from mRNA, used by geneticists to get a cell
to produce a protein that it does not normally produce
(cDNA transferred into cell), also produced by retroviruses
such as HIV and integrated into host's genome
18. plasmid small DNA molecule, separate from and can replicate in-
dependently of chromosomal DNA; most commonly found
in bacteria
19. cones eye structure found in retina that gives the eye its color
sensitivity
20. rods photoreceptor in retina responsible for night and peripher-
al vision, more sensitive than cones but play little role in
sensing color
21. mosses haploid gametophyte stage is dominant, produce
(Bryophyta) spore-bearing capsules on stems (diploid sporophyte
stage)
22. stem cell undifferentiated biological cell that may reproduce many
times through mitosis
23. Virchow, proposed that new cells arise only from existing cells
Rudolph (1958), completing third tenet of cell theory
24. Hooke, Robert coined the term "cell" in 1665, after viewing dead cells
through a microscope
25. Leeuwenhoek viewed and described single-celled organisms (animal-
cules), now called microorganisms
2/7
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fss0t9
1. hyphae filaments composed of tubular walls surrounding plasma
membranes & cytoplasm - component of most fungi
2. Batesian mimic- when a harmless species mimics characteristics of a
ry harmful species to deter predators
3. Okazaki frag- created during DNA replication of lagging strand, then
ments joined (ligated) by DNA ligase
4. DNA polymerase enzyme that catalyzes elongation of new DNA at replica-
tion fork by adding nucleotides to growing DNA strand
5. nucleoside nucleotides that are added to elongating DNA strand;
triphosphate contain 3 phosphate groups, 2 of which are lost then
hydrolyzed for energy to drive polymerization reaction
6. triglyceride lipid macromolecule formed of glycerol and 3 fatty acid
chains; whether fat is saturated (solid @ room temp) or
unsaturated (liquid @ room temp) depends on shape of
fatty acid tail
7. steroid lipid macromolecule formed of four carbon rings, include
cholesterol and many vertebrate sex hormones
8. polypeptide polymer of amino acids connected in sequence; a protein
consists of one or more polypeptide chains
9. mRNA carries information specifying amino acid sequences of
proteins from DNA to ribosomes
10. tRNA serves as adapter molecule in protein synthesis; trans-
lates mRNA codons into amino acids
11. rRNA plays catalytic (ribosome) roles and structural roles in
ribosomes
12. primary tran- precursor to mRNA, rRNA, or tRNA and may be processed
script by splicing or cleavage; commonly contains introns that
are spliced out during processing
1/7
, MTTC Biology Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fss0t9
13. phloem plant tissue that transports solutions of nutrients and car-
bohydrates
14. xylem plant tissue that transports water
15. apoptosis programmed cell death
16. necrosis traumatic cell death due to cellular injury
17. cDNA synthesized from mRNA, used by geneticists to get a cell
to produce a protein that it does not normally produce
(cDNA transferred into cell), also produced by retroviruses
such as HIV and integrated into host's genome
18. plasmid small DNA molecule, separate from and can replicate in-
dependently of chromosomal DNA; most commonly found
in bacteria
19. cones eye structure found in retina that gives the eye its color
sensitivity
20. rods photoreceptor in retina responsible for night and peripher-
al vision, more sensitive than cones but play little role in
sensing color
21. mosses haploid gametophyte stage is dominant, produce
(Bryophyta) spore-bearing capsules on stems (diploid sporophyte
stage)
22. stem cell undifferentiated biological cell that may reproduce many
times through mitosis
23. Virchow, proposed that new cells arise only from existing cells
Rudolph (1958), completing third tenet of cell theory
24. Hooke, Robert coined the term "cell" in 1665, after viewing dead cells
through a microscope
25. Leeuwenhoek viewed and described single-celled organisms (animal-
cules), now called microorganisms
2/7
