Summary AP Psychology cram sheet: Unit 0 + Unit 1

UNITO RESEARCH
METHODSI
HISTORY OFPSYCH
8 psych
perspectives1
psychodynamicthumb past
2 cognitive pointer mentalprocesses
3 behaviorism middle observablethoughts behavior
4 humanism ring full potential
5 biological pinky influimeof genes hormones neurotransmitters
6 sorial cultural palm psychdifferencesbetween cultures
7 evolutionary wrist psych traits in natural selection
8 biopsychosocial psych is influencedby biological psychological and socialfactors

RESEARCHMETHODS
peerreviewers try to look forthese
error ingeneral
errorsresearcher
errors errors
hindsightbias
biashuman confirmation bias
samplingbias
biasparticipant
socialdesirabilitybias
selfreport
overconfidencedifferentnot conveniencesampling
illusorycorrelation

representativeresearch experimenter

theory explainswhysomethinghappens
hypothesisspecifictestablepredictionthatgivesyouintoaboutwhysomething happened
must befalsifiable
data sampling
qualitative generalizability
quantative stratifiedsamplingmakessuresample random



independentpopulation
validity content isrepresentativeonsomecriteria ex selectionrepresentative

reliabilityconsistent race


sampleoperational
can be replicated
variables
definition
dependent procedures

confoundingother
single blind participantsunaware
reducesparticipanterrorsseeabove
methodsnon doubleblindresearhersparticipantsunaware



effect3
experimental no manipulation reducesresearchererrors seeabove
casestudy studygroupto getgeneralinfo placebomethod whendrugs arebeing
naturalisticobservation aboutthepopulation testedcontrol groupgetsplacebos
survey placebo
Likertscales howmuchu agreewstatement
ex postfactostudy studyingpasthistory ofgroupsastheyarenaturally

, correlational relationshipsbetweenvariables
0
1
correlationcoefficient 1.00rightarrow
positivecorrelation
negativecorrelation negative
correlation causation
effectscatterplotspositive
noneexperimental
directionality problem
thirdvariable unmeasuredvariablethatcouldaffectbothcause
manipulates a variable
experimentalgrouprandomassignment
controlgroup

STATISTICS ETHICSIN RESEARCH
descriptivestatistics measures describesgroupunderstudy histogram
scatterplot
centraltendency wheremost ofthedatais lolated
mean
median ofcentral

tendencymore
mode outliersmeasures
bimodal if 2equallyfrequentvalues
best if there are
canbeskewedbyoutliers normalpositive
scoresmove high
low
scoresnegative
variance compareseach datapointtothemeanandaverages it
measures of
standarddeviation sqrootofvariance backtooriginalunit variability
range
normalcurve ISD 68 2SD 957 3SD 99
percentilerank comparestootherscores
percentiledistanceof scorefrom zero scoreitself
regressiontowards the meanunusualscorestendto gobackto theaveragethenexttimea measur


iinferential
stats showswhetherresultscan beapplied tolarger population
statisticallysignificant p value 0.05 x
measuresif datawasrealorjustdueto chance
effectsize howstrongtheeffectis
ex howmovemanypts someonescoresafterstudying correlationex relationshipbetweenstudytime
meta testscores
analysisAPA
ethics
no coercion informedconsent
confidentiality deceptionshouldn'tbesoextremethat it cancelsouttheconsent
protectionfromharm informedassent forminors
debrief