CARN-AP SET 2 EXAM 2026-2027 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
The patient must first be detoxified from opioid dependence before starting
_______
Long acting opioids, such as methadone, require at least how many hours since last
use before initiating buprenorphine?
Short acting opioids (for example, heroin) require approximately ____ hours since
last use for sufficient withdrawal to occur in order to safely initiate treatment.
naltrexone.
48-72
12
Patients with _______ _________ syndrome often present with abdominal pain
and nausea, which may be refractory to standard antiemetics
cannabis hyperemesis
Patients with injection drug abuse are most likely to have _____sided bacterial
endocarditis.
,_______ should be used empirically, which can be switched to _______ if MRSA
infection is confirmed.
right
Vancomycin; nafcillin
Marijuana use can be detected in the urine up to ___days after exposure for
infrequent users and up to ____ days for chronic or heavy users.
5
15
The _______ _______ is involved in the sense of reward from cocaine use.
nucleus accumbens
Babies born to mothers who use opioids may need treatment with what?
________ can be used adjunctively to treat withdrawal seizures.
morphine or methadone
Phenobarbital
Which Neonatal withdrawal syndromes may present weeks after birth? Name the
drug.
,Methadone
_________ is a safe and effective second-line treatment of symptoms refractory to
opioid therapy in newborns
Clonidine
Symptomatic treatment in opioid withdrawal includes:
- ________ for diarrhea
- ______ for nausea and vomiting
- ________for myalgia
loperamide
promethazine
ibuprofen
Holiday heart syndrome is a syndrome caused by excessive ______ use. Excessive
alcohol use results in gross and microscopic cardiac changes leading to an atrial
_______
alcohol
arrhythmia.
Aerosolized glycerol and propylene glycol, chemicals found in vape pens have
been associated with focal _______ _______ of the upper airways
, squamous metaplasia
Substance use disorder refers to the excessive use of drugs that tend to activate
which of the following portions of the brain?
Brain reward system
In the center of the brain behind the temporal lobe sits the ______ system, which
controls our emotions, instincts, and memories, and includes the brain's ______
system.
The main job of the________ system is to help us avoid harmful/painful
experiences and to makes us feel good when we engage in behaviors necessary for
our survival
LIMBIC
REWARD
reward
A 22-year-old woman is brought into the emergency department by EMS with a
blood pressure of 180/102 mmHg and heart rate of 110/min. She is agitated and
appears to have paranoid delusions of people chasing her. Her behavior is
hypersexual, and her speech is incoherent. Psychomotor agitation is present. Which
of the following substances is most likely to cause the patient's presentation?
Methamphetamine
AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
The patient must first be detoxified from opioid dependence before starting
_______
Long acting opioids, such as methadone, require at least how many hours since last
use before initiating buprenorphine?
Short acting opioids (for example, heroin) require approximately ____ hours since
last use for sufficient withdrawal to occur in order to safely initiate treatment.
naltrexone.
48-72
12
Patients with _______ _________ syndrome often present with abdominal pain
and nausea, which may be refractory to standard antiemetics
cannabis hyperemesis
Patients with injection drug abuse are most likely to have _____sided bacterial
endocarditis.
,_______ should be used empirically, which can be switched to _______ if MRSA
infection is confirmed.
right
Vancomycin; nafcillin
Marijuana use can be detected in the urine up to ___days after exposure for
infrequent users and up to ____ days for chronic or heavy users.
5
15
The _______ _______ is involved in the sense of reward from cocaine use.
nucleus accumbens
Babies born to mothers who use opioids may need treatment with what?
________ can be used adjunctively to treat withdrawal seizures.
morphine or methadone
Phenobarbital
Which Neonatal withdrawal syndromes may present weeks after birth? Name the
drug.
,Methadone
_________ is a safe and effective second-line treatment of symptoms refractory to
opioid therapy in newborns
Clonidine
Symptomatic treatment in opioid withdrawal includes:
- ________ for diarrhea
- ______ for nausea and vomiting
- ________for myalgia
loperamide
promethazine
ibuprofen
Holiday heart syndrome is a syndrome caused by excessive ______ use. Excessive
alcohol use results in gross and microscopic cardiac changes leading to an atrial
_______
alcohol
arrhythmia.
Aerosolized glycerol and propylene glycol, chemicals found in vape pens have
been associated with focal _______ _______ of the upper airways
, squamous metaplasia
Substance use disorder refers to the excessive use of drugs that tend to activate
which of the following portions of the brain?
Brain reward system
In the center of the brain behind the temporal lobe sits the ______ system, which
controls our emotions, instincts, and memories, and includes the brain's ______
system.
The main job of the________ system is to help us avoid harmful/painful
experiences and to makes us feel good when we engage in behaviors necessary for
our survival
LIMBIC
REWARD
reward
A 22-year-old woman is brought into the emergency department by EMS with a
blood pressure of 180/102 mmHg and heart rate of 110/min. She is agitated and
appears to have paranoid delusions of people chasing her. Her behavior is
hypersexual, and her speech is incoherent. Psychomotor agitation is present. Which
of the following substances is most likely to cause the patient's presentation?
Methamphetamine
