Types of Endocrine Dysfunction
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Primary
-dysfunction caused by the endocrine gland itself
Secondary
-dysfunction caused by abnormal pituitary activity
Tertiary
-dysfunction caused by a hypothalamic origin
Concept of Aging: Senescence
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, Cell's progressive loss of ability to replicate over time
Patterns of change that are specific to a species and lead to a gradual loss
of function of body systems
This makes the body more vulnerable to disease, infection, damage
Innate immunity is?
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1st line of defense against infection
Nonspecific mechanism that defends the body immediately against all
types of pathogens
Define primary immunodeficiency
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Present @ birth, only affects one cell type
**IgA deficiency most common
Myocarditis
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, -Generally caused by infection
-Inflammation of the myocardium (muscle tissue of the heart)
Potential Complications:
-HF (damage to heart muscle causes it not pump effectively)
-necrosis of cardiac myocytes (due to cytokines released from T cells)
-dysrhythmias (conduction disruption)
Inhalation Injury
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Signs of Inhalation Injury:
- hair singed around face, neck, or torso
- trouble talking
-soot in nose or mouth
-confusion or anxiety
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
-carbon monoxide travels faster than oxygen, making it bind to Hgb first
-now oxygen cant bind to Hgb= hypoxic
- symptoms= cherry red skin
-treatment= 100% O2
**oxygen sat may appear normal
Lentigo
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-premalignant skin lesions
-appear as brown spots on sun-exposed areas
-Commonly called solar lentigos, liver spots, or age spots
-lesions are benign, but they bear watching because there is also a lentigo
maligna that appears as a freckle on sun-exposed areas.
, -Lentigo maligna are pigmented macules with well-defined borders.
-Over time, the lesions may become raised and wartlike in appearance.
Type 2: Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity
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Most common: Transfusion of the wrong blood
Causes immune system to attack newly transfused cells
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
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A disease in which the immune system eats away at the protective covering
of nerves.
Patho:
recurrent CNS inflammation that results in damage to both the myelin
sheath surrounding axons as well as the axons themselves.
Clinical Manifestations:
-vision loss
-muscle weakness, stiffness, spasms
-mobility issues
-pain at affected area
Apoptosis
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Primary
-dysfunction caused by the endocrine gland itself
Secondary
-dysfunction caused by abnormal pituitary activity
Tertiary
-dysfunction caused by a hypothalamic origin
Concept of Aging: Senescence
Give this one a try later!
, Cell's progressive loss of ability to replicate over time
Patterns of change that are specific to a species and lead to a gradual loss
of function of body systems
This makes the body more vulnerable to disease, infection, damage
Innate immunity is?
Give this one a try later!
1st line of defense against infection
Nonspecific mechanism that defends the body immediately against all
types of pathogens
Define primary immunodeficiency
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Present @ birth, only affects one cell type
**IgA deficiency most common
Myocarditis
Give this one a try later!
, -Generally caused by infection
-Inflammation of the myocardium (muscle tissue of the heart)
Potential Complications:
-HF (damage to heart muscle causes it not pump effectively)
-necrosis of cardiac myocytes (due to cytokines released from T cells)
-dysrhythmias (conduction disruption)
Inhalation Injury
Give this one a try later!
Signs of Inhalation Injury:
- hair singed around face, neck, or torso
- trouble talking
-soot in nose or mouth
-confusion or anxiety
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
-carbon monoxide travels faster than oxygen, making it bind to Hgb first
-now oxygen cant bind to Hgb= hypoxic
- symptoms= cherry red skin
-treatment= 100% O2
**oxygen sat may appear normal
Lentigo
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-premalignant skin lesions
-appear as brown spots on sun-exposed areas
-Commonly called solar lentigos, liver spots, or age spots
-lesions are benign, but they bear watching because there is also a lentigo
maligna that appears as a freckle on sun-exposed areas.
, -Lentigo maligna are pigmented macules with well-defined borders.
-Over time, the lesions may become raised and wartlike in appearance.
Type 2: Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity
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Most common: Transfusion of the wrong blood
Causes immune system to attack newly transfused cells
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
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A disease in which the immune system eats away at the protective covering
of nerves.
Patho:
recurrent CNS inflammation that results in damage to both the myelin
sheath surrounding axons as well as the axons themselves.
Clinical Manifestations:
-vision loss
-muscle weakness, stiffness, spasms
-mobility issues
-pain at affected area
Apoptosis
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