K101 Final Exam Study Guide Questions and Answers
1. 1. In a single molecule of water, the two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a
single oxygen atom by - ANSWER -polar covalent bonds.
2. 2. Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments demonstrated conclusively that -
ANSWER -organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on
early Earth.
3. 3. What do the four 'elements of life' -carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitro-
gen-have in common? - ANSWER -They all have unpaired electrons in their valence shells.
4. 4. Using the functional group diagram at right answer A - E which of the
following is incorrectly matched?:
A = amino group
B = thiol group
C = carbonyl (aldehyde)
D= organic phosphate
E= carboxyl group - ANSWER -E= carboxyl group
5. 5. Water is able to form hydrogen bonds because - ANSWER -the bonds that hold
together the atoms in a water molecule are polar covalent bonds
6. 6. Which functional group shown at right is:
i) is an acidic functional group that can release H+ into a solutio n? -
ANSWER -C.
Carboxyl
7. 6. Which functional group shown at right is:
ii) a basic functional group that can accept H+? - ANSWER -D. Amine
8. 6. Which functional group shown at right is:
iii) can exist as a ketone or aldehyde configuration? - ANSWER -B. Carbonyl
9. 6. Which functional group shown at right is:
iv) a characteristic of alcohols? - ANSWER -A. Hydroxyl
10. 6. Which functional group shown at right is:
v) helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent cross-links within o r between
, K101 Final Exam Study Guide Questions and Answers
protein molecules? - ANSWER -E. Sulfhydryl
, K101 Final Exam Study Guide Questions and Answers
11. 7. Which modifications of fatty acids will best keep triglycerides solid at
warmer temperatures? - ANSWER -adding hydrogens to the fatty acids
12. 8. A comparison of saturated and naturally occurring unsaturated fats re-
veals that the unsaturated fats are at room temperature and have
: - ANSWER -Liquids; cis double bonds
13. 9. A molecule with four joined rings that is the precursor of vertebrate
sex hormones (See Box 4.in figure below) and is also found in the vertebrate
phospholipid bilayer is: - ANSWER -cholesterol
14. 10. A molecule with the formula C18H36O2 is probably a , where one with
the formula C6H12O6 is probably a - ANSWER -fatty acid and monosaccharide, respectively
15. 11. Match the molecules shown below and to the right
a. cholesterol. - ANSWER -4
16. 11. Match the molecules shown below and to the right
b. dipeptide. - ANSWER -5
17. 11. Match the molecules shown below and to the right
c. saturated fatty acid. - ANSWER -3
18. 11. Match the molecules shown below and to the right
d. polyunsaturated fatty acid. - ANSWER -2
19. 11. Match the molecules shown below and to the right
e. glucose. - ANSWER -1
20. 12. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding ch emical reac-
tion (5) illustrated above? - ANSWER -It results in a peptide bond.
21. 13. A bond that forms by joining monomers (such as nucleotides or amino
acids) into polymers (such as DNA or insulin) is a(n): - ANSWER -Covalent bond
22. 14. Polysaccharides, triacylglycerides, and proteins are similar in that they -
ANSWER --
are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions.
23. 15. Match the following parts of the cell to its function
i) Nucleus - ANSWER -C. Site transcription of mRNA and tRNA for protein synthesis
, K101 Final Exam Study Guide Questions and Answers
24. 15. Match the following parts of the cell to its functioni)
ii) Mitochondria - ANSWER -E. Synthesis of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation
25. 15. Match the following parts of the cell to its function
iii) Nucleolis - ANSWER -F. Site of rRNA for protein synthesis
26. 15. Match the following parts of the cell to its function
iv) Rough ER - ANSWER -H. Synthesis of the insulin receptor, a transmembrane glycoprotein
27. 15. Match the following parts of the cell to its function
v) Golgi apparatus - ANSWER -A. Sorting of proteins targeted for extracellular secretion
28. 15. Match the following parts of the cell to its function
vi) Lysosome - ANSWER -G. Intercellular digestion
29. 15. Match the following parts of the cell to its function
vii) Smooth ER - ANSWER -D. Synthesis of the steroid hormone testosterone
30. 15. Match the following parts of the cell to its function
viii) Extracellular Matrix - ANSWER -B. Site of cell-cell adhesion and cell recognition
31. 16. Proteins that are manufactured for secretion (export from the cell): -
ANSWER -are made in the rough ER and packaged in transport vesicles
32. 17. Mammalian blood contains the equivalent of 0.15 M NaCl. Seawater
contains the equivalent of 0.45 M NaCl.
What will happen if red blood cells are transferred to seawater? - ANSWER -Water
will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and collapse.
33. 18. All of the following are functions of integral membrane proteins except-
- ANSWER -Synthesis of hormones.
34. 19. Match the components of the plasma membrane
with the letters in the figure at right.
a. Cholesterol - - ANSWER -E
35. 19. Match the components of the plasma membrane
with the letters in the figure at right.
b. Glycolipid - - ANSWER -A
36. 19. Match the components of the plasma membrane
with the letters in the figure at right.
c. Integral Membrane Protein - - ANSWER -B
1. 1. In a single molecule of water, the two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a
single oxygen atom by - ANSWER -polar covalent bonds.
2. 2. Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments demonstrated conclusively that -
ANSWER -organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on
early Earth.
3. 3. What do the four 'elements of life' -carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitro-
gen-have in common? - ANSWER -They all have unpaired electrons in their valence shells.
4. 4. Using the functional group diagram at right answer A - E which of the
following is incorrectly matched?:
A = amino group
B = thiol group
C = carbonyl (aldehyde)
D= organic phosphate
E= carboxyl group - ANSWER -E= carboxyl group
5. 5. Water is able to form hydrogen bonds because - ANSWER -the bonds that hold
together the atoms in a water molecule are polar covalent bonds
6. 6. Which functional group shown at right is:
i) is an acidic functional group that can release H+ into a solutio n? -
ANSWER -C.
Carboxyl
7. 6. Which functional group shown at right is:
ii) a basic functional group that can accept H+? - ANSWER -D. Amine
8. 6. Which functional group shown at right is:
iii) can exist as a ketone or aldehyde configuration? - ANSWER -B. Carbonyl
9. 6. Which functional group shown at right is:
iv) a characteristic of alcohols? - ANSWER -A. Hydroxyl
10. 6. Which functional group shown at right is:
v) helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent cross-links within o r between
, K101 Final Exam Study Guide Questions and Answers
protein molecules? - ANSWER -E. Sulfhydryl
, K101 Final Exam Study Guide Questions and Answers
11. 7. Which modifications of fatty acids will best keep triglycerides solid at
warmer temperatures? - ANSWER -adding hydrogens to the fatty acids
12. 8. A comparison of saturated and naturally occurring unsaturated fats re-
veals that the unsaturated fats are at room temperature and have
: - ANSWER -Liquids; cis double bonds
13. 9. A molecule with four joined rings that is the precursor of vertebrate
sex hormones (See Box 4.in figure below) and is also found in the vertebrate
phospholipid bilayer is: - ANSWER -cholesterol
14. 10. A molecule with the formula C18H36O2 is probably a , where one with
the formula C6H12O6 is probably a - ANSWER -fatty acid and monosaccharide, respectively
15. 11. Match the molecules shown below and to the right
a. cholesterol. - ANSWER -4
16. 11. Match the molecules shown below and to the right
b. dipeptide. - ANSWER -5
17. 11. Match the molecules shown below and to the right
c. saturated fatty acid. - ANSWER -3
18. 11. Match the molecules shown below and to the right
d. polyunsaturated fatty acid. - ANSWER -2
19. 11. Match the molecules shown below and to the right
e. glucose. - ANSWER -1
20. 12. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding ch emical reac-
tion (5) illustrated above? - ANSWER -It results in a peptide bond.
21. 13. A bond that forms by joining monomers (such as nucleotides or amino
acids) into polymers (such as DNA or insulin) is a(n): - ANSWER -Covalent bond
22. 14. Polysaccharides, triacylglycerides, and proteins are similar in that they -
ANSWER --
are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions.
23. 15. Match the following parts of the cell to its function
i) Nucleus - ANSWER -C. Site transcription of mRNA and tRNA for protein synthesis
, K101 Final Exam Study Guide Questions and Answers
24. 15. Match the following parts of the cell to its functioni)
ii) Mitochondria - ANSWER -E. Synthesis of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation
25. 15. Match the following parts of the cell to its function
iii) Nucleolis - ANSWER -F. Site of rRNA for protein synthesis
26. 15. Match the following parts of the cell to its function
iv) Rough ER - ANSWER -H. Synthesis of the insulin receptor, a transmembrane glycoprotein
27. 15. Match the following parts of the cell to its function
v) Golgi apparatus - ANSWER -A. Sorting of proteins targeted for extracellular secretion
28. 15. Match the following parts of the cell to its function
vi) Lysosome - ANSWER -G. Intercellular digestion
29. 15. Match the following parts of the cell to its function
vii) Smooth ER - ANSWER -D. Synthesis of the steroid hormone testosterone
30. 15. Match the following parts of the cell to its function
viii) Extracellular Matrix - ANSWER -B. Site of cell-cell adhesion and cell recognition
31. 16. Proteins that are manufactured for secretion (export from the cell): -
ANSWER -are made in the rough ER and packaged in transport vesicles
32. 17. Mammalian blood contains the equivalent of 0.15 M NaCl. Seawater
contains the equivalent of 0.45 M NaCl.
What will happen if red blood cells are transferred to seawater? - ANSWER -Water
will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and collapse.
33. 18. All of the following are functions of integral membrane proteins except-
- ANSWER -Synthesis of hormones.
34. 19. Match the components of the plasma membrane
with the letters in the figure at right.
a. Cholesterol - - ANSWER -E
35. 19. Match the components of the plasma membrane
with the letters in the figure at right.
b. Glycolipid - - ANSWER -A
36. 19. Match the components of the plasma membrane
with the letters in the figure at right.
c. Integral Membrane Protein - - ANSWER -B
