GISP ACTUAL PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ Dynamic Segmentations. Answer: A data model that allows the use of
linearly measured data on a coordinate system
⩥ Georelational data model. Answer: A vector data model that uses a
split system to store geometries and attributes
⩥ GeoSpatial data. Answer: Data that describes both the locations and
characteristics of spatial features on the earth surface
⩥ Object-based data model. Answer: A data model that uses objects to
organize spatial data and stores geometries and attributes in a single
system
⩥ Raster data model. Answer: A data model that uses a grid and cells to
represent the spatial variation of a feature
⩥ Relational Database. Answer: A collection of tables in which tables
are connected to one another by keys
,⩥ Topology. Answer: A subfield of mathematics that when applied to
GIS, ensures that the spatial relationships between features are expressed
explicitly
⩥ Triangulated irregular network (TIN). Answer: Composite vector data
that approximate the terrain with a set of nonoverlapping triangles
⩥ Vector data model. Answer: A spatial data model that uses points and
their x y coordinates to construct spatial features of points, lines and
polygons
⩥ Azimuthal Projection. Answer: One type of map projection that
retains certain accurate directions. Azimuthal also refers to one type of
map projection that uses a plane as the projection surface
⩥ Central lines. Answer: The central parallel and the central meridian.
Together, they define the center or the origin of a map projection
⩥ Clarke 1866. Answer: A ground-measured ellipsoid, which is the basis
for the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27)
⩥ Conformal projection. Answer: One type of map projection that
preserves local shapes
,⩥ Conic Projection. Answer: One type of map projection that uses a
cone as the projection surface
⩥ Cylindrical Projection. Answer: One type of map projection that uses
a cylinder as the projection surface
⩥ Datum. Answer: The basis for calculating the geographic coordinates
of a location. An ellipsoid is a required input to the derivation of a datum
⩥ Datum shift. Answer: A change from one datum to another, such as
from NAD27 to NAD83, which can result in substantial horizontal shifts
of point positions
⩥ Decimal degrees (DD) system. Answer: A measurement system for
long and lat values such as 42.5
⩥ Degrees minutes seconds. Answer: A measurement system for long
and lat values such as 42 30' 00", in which 1 degree equals 60 minutes
and 1 minute equals 60 seconds
⩥ Ellipsoid. Answer: A model that approximates the earth, ALSO called
spheroid
⩥ Equidistant projection. Answer: One type of map projection that
represents areas in correct relative size
, ⩥ False easting. Answer: A value applied to the origin of a coordinate
system to change the x-coordinate readings
⩥ False northing. Answer: A value applied to the origin of a coordinate
system to change the x-coordinate readings
⩥ Geographic Coordinate data base (GCDB). Answer: A Database
developed by the US bro of Land Managment (BLM) to include long
and lat values and other descriptive information for section corners and
monuments recorded in the PLSS
⩥ Geographic Coordinate System. Answer: A location reference system
for spatial features on the Earths surface
⩥ GRS80. Answer: A satellite-determined ellipsoid for the Geodetic
Reference System
⩥ Lambert Conformal conic projection. Answer: A common map
projection, which is the basis for the SPC system for many states
⩥ Latitude. Answer: The angle north or south of the equatorial plane
⩥ Longitude. Answer: The angle east or west from the prime meridian
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ Dynamic Segmentations. Answer: A data model that allows the use of
linearly measured data on a coordinate system
⩥ Georelational data model. Answer: A vector data model that uses a
split system to store geometries and attributes
⩥ GeoSpatial data. Answer: Data that describes both the locations and
characteristics of spatial features on the earth surface
⩥ Object-based data model. Answer: A data model that uses objects to
organize spatial data and stores geometries and attributes in a single
system
⩥ Raster data model. Answer: A data model that uses a grid and cells to
represent the spatial variation of a feature
⩥ Relational Database. Answer: A collection of tables in which tables
are connected to one another by keys
,⩥ Topology. Answer: A subfield of mathematics that when applied to
GIS, ensures that the spatial relationships between features are expressed
explicitly
⩥ Triangulated irregular network (TIN). Answer: Composite vector data
that approximate the terrain with a set of nonoverlapping triangles
⩥ Vector data model. Answer: A spatial data model that uses points and
their x y coordinates to construct spatial features of points, lines and
polygons
⩥ Azimuthal Projection. Answer: One type of map projection that
retains certain accurate directions. Azimuthal also refers to one type of
map projection that uses a plane as the projection surface
⩥ Central lines. Answer: The central parallel and the central meridian.
Together, they define the center or the origin of a map projection
⩥ Clarke 1866. Answer: A ground-measured ellipsoid, which is the basis
for the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27)
⩥ Conformal projection. Answer: One type of map projection that
preserves local shapes
,⩥ Conic Projection. Answer: One type of map projection that uses a
cone as the projection surface
⩥ Cylindrical Projection. Answer: One type of map projection that uses
a cylinder as the projection surface
⩥ Datum. Answer: The basis for calculating the geographic coordinates
of a location. An ellipsoid is a required input to the derivation of a datum
⩥ Datum shift. Answer: A change from one datum to another, such as
from NAD27 to NAD83, which can result in substantial horizontal shifts
of point positions
⩥ Decimal degrees (DD) system. Answer: A measurement system for
long and lat values such as 42.5
⩥ Degrees minutes seconds. Answer: A measurement system for long
and lat values such as 42 30' 00", in which 1 degree equals 60 minutes
and 1 minute equals 60 seconds
⩥ Ellipsoid. Answer: A model that approximates the earth, ALSO called
spheroid
⩥ Equidistant projection. Answer: One type of map projection that
represents areas in correct relative size
, ⩥ False easting. Answer: A value applied to the origin of a coordinate
system to change the x-coordinate readings
⩥ False northing. Answer: A value applied to the origin of a coordinate
system to change the x-coordinate readings
⩥ Geographic Coordinate data base (GCDB). Answer: A Database
developed by the US bro of Land Managment (BLM) to include long
and lat values and other descriptive information for section corners and
monuments recorded in the PLSS
⩥ Geographic Coordinate System. Answer: A location reference system
for spatial features on the Earths surface
⩥ GRS80. Answer: A satellite-determined ellipsoid for the Geodetic
Reference System
⩥ Lambert Conformal conic projection. Answer: A common map
projection, which is the basis for the SPC system for many states
⩥ Latitude. Answer: The angle north or south of the equatorial plane
⩥ Longitude. Answer: The angle east or west from the prime meridian
