FRESENIUS NEW HIRE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The urinary system is made up of? - Correct Answers -2 kidneys, 2 ureters, a bladder,
and a urethra
What is a nephron? - Correct Answers -Functional units of the kidney
What is the nephron composed of? - Correct Answers -Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule,
and tubules
What are the 7 functions of a kidney? - Correct Answers -Acid/Base balance
Water balance
Electrolyte balance
Toxin removal
Blood pressure regulation
Erythropoietin production
Vitamin D metabolism
What are the functions of a healthy kidney? - Correct Answers -Remove waste
Regulates fluid balance, blood volume, electrolytes and acid base balance, synthesize
calcitriol
Secrete erythropoietin - stimulates bone marrow to make RBCs
Release renin - increases bp
What is GFR in the 5 stages of kidney disease? - Correct Answers -Stage 1 - Normal
function 90+
Stage 2 - Mild reduced 60-89
Stage 3 - Moderately reduced 30-59
Stage 4 - Severely reduced 15-29
Stage 5 - Chronic kidney disease <15
What are the types and stages of kidney failure? - Correct Answers -Acute - sudden,
severe, and usually reversible
Chronic - slow onset, progressive, permanent
What are classic signs of renal failure or uremia? - Correct Answers -Fluid overload
SOB
Hypertension
, Proteinuria
What are 3 modalities of treatment for End-Stage Renal disease? - Correct Answers -
Hemodialysis
Peritoneal dialysis
Transplantation
What is the difference between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis? - Correct Answers
-Hemodialysis - usually outpatient setting, can be done at home
Peritoneal dialysis - done in the patients home
When is it known that a patient has developed sensitivity to a dialyzer? - Correct
Answers -Patients develop mild to severe reactions in some cases, usually seen the
first half hour of treatment. Sneezing, itching, pain at the access site, chest pain,
rashing, hives, fever.
What are the body fluid compartments? - Correct Answers -Intracellular - inside the cells
Extracellular - outside the cells Intravascular - inside the blood vessels Interstitial -
between the cells
Diffusion - Correct Answers -higher to lower concentration
Osmosis - Correct Answers -lower to higher concentration
Ultrafiltration - Correct Answers -Uses both negative and positive pressure to remove
excess fluid
Why is water used for dialysis treatment? - Correct Answers -Water contains
contaminants, electrolytes, and impurities. Patients are exposed to large volumes of
water during dialysis treatment, removed to protect patient
What is chloramine and how is it different from chlorine? - Correct Answers -Chloramine
- bleach and ammonia
Chlorine - bleach
What is the diasafe filter? - Correct Answers -Found on back of hemodialysis machine
that allows for the delivery of ultrapure dialysate.
What factors impact the rate of diffusion? - Correct Answers -Temperature
Molecular weight of solutes
Nature of the solution
Membrane permeability
Surface area
Flow geometry convection
Concentration gradient
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The urinary system is made up of? - Correct Answers -2 kidneys, 2 ureters, a bladder,
and a urethra
What is a nephron? - Correct Answers -Functional units of the kidney
What is the nephron composed of? - Correct Answers -Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule,
and tubules
What are the 7 functions of a kidney? - Correct Answers -Acid/Base balance
Water balance
Electrolyte balance
Toxin removal
Blood pressure regulation
Erythropoietin production
Vitamin D metabolism
What are the functions of a healthy kidney? - Correct Answers -Remove waste
Regulates fluid balance, blood volume, electrolytes and acid base balance, synthesize
calcitriol
Secrete erythropoietin - stimulates bone marrow to make RBCs
Release renin - increases bp
What is GFR in the 5 stages of kidney disease? - Correct Answers -Stage 1 - Normal
function 90+
Stage 2 - Mild reduced 60-89
Stage 3 - Moderately reduced 30-59
Stage 4 - Severely reduced 15-29
Stage 5 - Chronic kidney disease <15
What are the types and stages of kidney failure? - Correct Answers -Acute - sudden,
severe, and usually reversible
Chronic - slow onset, progressive, permanent
What are classic signs of renal failure or uremia? - Correct Answers -Fluid overload
SOB
Hypertension
, Proteinuria
What are 3 modalities of treatment for End-Stage Renal disease? - Correct Answers -
Hemodialysis
Peritoneal dialysis
Transplantation
What is the difference between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis? - Correct Answers
-Hemodialysis - usually outpatient setting, can be done at home
Peritoneal dialysis - done in the patients home
When is it known that a patient has developed sensitivity to a dialyzer? - Correct
Answers -Patients develop mild to severe reactions in some cases, usually seen the
first half hour of treatment. Sneezing, itching, pain at the access site, chest pain,
rashing, hives, fever.
What are the body fluid compartments? - Correct Answers -Intracellular - inside the cells
Extracellular - outside the cells Intravascular - inside the blood vessels Interstitial -
between the cells
Diffusion - Correct Answers -higher to lower concentration
Osmosis - Correct Answers -lower to higher concentration
Ultrafiltration - Correct Answers -Uses both negative and positive pressure to remove
excess fluid
Why is water used for dialysis treatment? - Correct Answers -Water contains
contaminants, electrolytes, and impurities. Patients are exposed to large volumes of
water during dialysis treatment, removed to protect patient
What is chloramine and how is it different from chlorine? - Correct Answers -Chloramine
- bleach and ammonia
Chlorine - bleach
What is the diasafe filter? - Correct Answers -Found on back of hemodialysis machine
that allows for the delivery of ultrapure dialysate.
What factors impact the rate of diffusion? - Correct Answers -Temperature
Molecular weight of solutes
Nature of the solution
Membrane permeability
Surface area
Flow geometry convection
Concentration gradient
