SPE 563 Module 4, SPE 563 Module 3, SPE 56e Philosophical
Foundation (M1-2) With Complete Solutions
parsimony - ANSWER scientific explanation that emphasizes simplicity and
reliance on well-established knowledge
empiricism - ANSWER knowledge base on experience
contingency - ANSWER a relationship between two events; one event is
predictive of the likelihood of occurrence
verbal behavior - ANSWER Behavior whose reinforcement is mediated by a
listener; the listener responds in a way that to reinforce the speaker; requires
the presence of another person (speaker and lister; includes vocal, written,
gestures, sign language
motivating operation - ANSWER An environmental variable that (a) alters
(increases or decreases) the reinforcing effectiveness of some stimulus, object,
or event; and (b) alters (increases or decreases) the current frequency of all
behavior that have been reinforced by that stimulus, object, or event.
echoic - ANSWER A verbal operant involving a response that is evoked by a
verbal discriminative stimulus that has point-to-point correspondence and
formal similarity with the response. verbal imitation
tact - ANSWER a verbal operant evoked by a nonverbal Sd followed by a
generalized reinforcer; label
mand - ANSWER verbal operant that is evoked by an MO and followed by
specific reinforcement; request
intraverbal - ANSWER a verbal operant in which the speaker differentially
responds to other people; answering a question
rule-governed behavior - ANSWER a verbal Sd that induces an activity (self
control) in the listener that is consistent with a long term contigency that is more
conducive to the listeners ultimate health, survival, reproductive success than
alternatives; a verbal Sd that points to reinforcement relation
conditioning - ANSWER learning
, classical conditioning - ANSWER a type of learning in which an organism comes
to associate stimuli. A neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus
(US) begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the
unconditioned stimulus. Also called Pavlovian or respondent conditioning.
Albert video w/animals
operant conditioning - ANSWER a type of learning in which behavior is
strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
ABC's
unconditioned stimulus - ANSWER A stimulus that evokes an unconditioned
(involuntary or reflexive) response without previous conditioning
conditioned stimulus - ANSWER in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant
stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger
a conditioned response
unconditioned response - ANSWER In classical conditioning, the unlearned,
naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as
salivation when food is in the mouth.
condition response - ANSWER in classical conditioning, the learned response to
a previously neutral stimulus
discriminative stimulus - ANSWER the stimulus that indicates that reinforcement
is available
positive reinforcement - ANSWER Increasing behaviors by presenting positive
stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when added after
a response, strengthens the response.
negative reinforcement - ANSWER Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing
negative stimuli, such as shock. A negative reinforcer is any stimulus that, when
removed after a response, strengthens the response. (Note: negative
reinforcement is not punishment.)
positive punishment - ANSWER addition of something unpleasant that decrease
the the likeliness of the behavior occurring in the future
negative punishment - ANSWER the removal of a stimulus to decrease the
probability of a behavior's recurring
Pragmatism - ANSWER idea that a question is only worth pursuing if it would
change our knowledge of the world; to explore the answer to questions for
which answers would improve some ones circumstances; In ABA-we only
intervene when there is a behavior that needs change (important to them)
Foundation (M1-2) With Complete Solutions
parsimony - ANSWER scientific explanation that emphasizes simplicity and
reliance on well-established knowledge
empiricism - ANSWER knowledge base on experience
contingency - ANSWER a relationship between two events; one event is
predictive of the likelihood of occurrence
verbal behavior - ANSWER Behavior whose reinforcement is mediated by a
listener; the listener responds in a way that to reinforce the speaker; requires
the presence of another person (speaker and lister; includes vocal, written,
gestures, sign language
motivating operation - ANSWER An environmental variable that (a) alters
(increases or decreases) the reinforcing effectiveness of some stimulus, object,
or event; and (b) alters (increases or decreases) the current frequency of all
behavior that have been reinforced by that stimulus, object, or event.
echoic - ANSWER A verbal operant involving a response that is evoked by a
verbal discriminative stimulus that has point-to-point correspondence and
formal similarity with the response. verbal imitation
tact - ANSWER a verbal operant evoked by a nonverbal Sd followed by a
generalized reinforcer; label
mand - ANSWER verbal operant that is evoked by an MO and followed by
specific reinforcement; request
intraverbal - ANSWER a verbal operant in which the speaker differentially
responds to other people; answering a question
rule-governed behavior - ANSWER a verbal Sd that induces an activity (self
control) in the listener that is consistent with a long term contigency that is more
conducive to the listeners ultimate health, survival, reproductive success than
alternatives; a verbal Sd that points to reinforcement relation
conditioning - ANSWER learning
, classical conditioning - ANSWER a type of learning in which an organism comes
to associate stimuli. A neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus
(US) begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the
unconditioned stimulus. Also called Pavlovian or respondent conditioning.
Albert video w/animals
operant conditioning - ANSWER a type of learning in which behavior is
strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
ABC's
unconditioned stimulus - ANSWER A stimulus that evokes an unconditioned
(involuntary or reflexive) response without previous conditioning
conditioned stimulus - ANSWER in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant
stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger
a conditioned response
unconditioned response - ANSWER In classical conditioning, the unlearned,
naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as
salivation when food is in the mouth.
condition response - ANSWER in classical conditioning, the learned response to
a previously neutral stimulus
discriminative stimulus - ANSWER the stimulus that indicates that reinforcement
is available
positive reinforcement - ANSWER Increasing behaviors by presenting positive
stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when added after
a response, strengthens the response.
negative reinforcement - ANSWER Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing
negative stimuli, such as shock. A negative reinforcer is any stimulus that, when
removed after a response, strengthens the response. (Note: negative
reinforcement is not punishment.)
positive punishment - ANSWER addition of something unpleasant that decrease
the the likeliness of the behavior occurring in the future
negative punishment - ANSWER the removal of a stimulus to decrease the
probability of a behavior's recurring
Pragmatism - ANSWER idea that a question is only worth pursuing if it would
change our knowledge of the world; to explore the answer to questions for
which answers would improve some ones circumstances; In ABA-we only
intervene when there is a behavior that needs change (important to them)
